In-hospital new-onset seizures in patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit: An observational study and algorithmic approach

Table 1 Demographics, baseline characteristics, and mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score

Admission characteristics	n of 61/2522	Percentage
Age in yr
18-30	11	18.03
31-50	30	49.18
51-70	20	32.78
Sex
Female	33	54.09
Male	28	45.90
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	23	37.70
Hypertension	21	34.42
Coronary artery disease	12	19.67
Hypothyroidism	7	11.47
Mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score	11.48
No. of patients who died	15	24.59

Table 2 Etiology of new-onset seizures in the intensive care unit

Etiology	Total, n	Mortality, n
Metabolic	21
Hyponatremia	14	2
Hypocalcemia	3	1
Uremia	3	0
Hypoglycemia	1	0
Structural	5
Intracerebral bleed	2	2
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome	3	0
Infective	17
Dengue	8	2
Leptospirosis	2	0
Scrub typhus	3	1
Septic encephalopathy	1	0
Viral encephalitis	3	1
Bacterial meningitis	1	1
Drug withdrawal	2	0
Drug-related	4	4
Toxicology	5
Organophosphorous poisoning	3	0
Herbicide poisoning	1	0
Benzodiazepine overdose	1	0
Others	4
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura	3	1
Somatoform disorder	1	0
Unknown	2	0

Table 3 Binomial logistic regression analysis of the effects of sodium and calcium levels on seizure probability

Parameter	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
			Lower	Upper
Sodium	0.013	0.922	0.865	0.983
Calcium	0.005	0.109	0.023	0.520

CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis for the prediction of death outcome using metabolic and clinical parameters

Parameter	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
			Lower	Upper
Sodium	0.051	1.101	1.000	1.212
Potassium	0.424	0.590	0.161	2.153
Calcium	0.764	1.415	0.146	13.716
Creatinine	0.668	1.059	0.816	1.374
Blood sugars	0.292	1.012	0.990	1.035
Length of stay in ICU	0.510	1.159	0.747	1.799

CI: Confidence interval; ICU: Intensive care unit.