Need for oxygen therapy and ventilatory support in premature infants in a hospital in Southern Brazil

Table 1 Maternal data

	n (%)
Mother’s age
≤ 25 yr	9 (10.0)
> 25 and ≤ 30 yr	27 (30.0)
> 35 and ≤ 40 yr	20 (22.2)
> 40 yr	1 (1.1)
Maternal/gestational comorbidities
PROM	30 (32)
Preeclampsia	11 (12.1)
UTI	8 (8.8)
HDP	6 (6.6)
HELLP Syndrome	2 (2.2)
DM	1 (1.1)
Others	32 (32.8)
Number of pregnancies
1	50 (55.6)
2	31 (34.4)
3	6 (6.7)
4	3 (3.3)
Prenatal consultations
< 4	2 (2.2)
4-7	64 (71)
≥ 8	24 (26.7)

PROM: Premature rupture of membranes; UTI: Urinary tract infection; HDP: Hypertensive disease of pregnancy DM: Diabetes mellitus; HELLP Syndrome: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count.

Table 2 Preterm infant data

	Median (p25-p75)
Gestational Age (wk)	34 (31.9-35.4)
< 28, n (%)	7 (7.8)
≥ 28 and < 30, n (%)	5 (5.6)
≥ 30 and < 34, n (%)	27 (30.0)
≥ 34 and < 37, n (%)	51 (56.7)
Birth weight (grams)	2240.0 (1588.7-2520.0)
PI Morbidities, n (%)
NRDS	55 (60.9%)
Low birth weight	5 (5.5%)
Tachypnea	4 (4.4%)
Apnea	1 (1.1%)
Others	25 (28.1%)
HR (bpm), 1st h after birth	145.0 (134.7-153.2)
RR (cpm), 1st h after birth	52.0 (41.7-64.0)
SpO2 (%)-1st h after birth	96.0 (93.0- 97.0)
Apgar (1st min)	8.0 (6.0-8.0)
< 8, n (%)	39 (43.2%)
≥ 8, n (%)	51 (56.7%)
Apgar (5th min)	9.0 (8.0-9.0)
< 8, n (%)	6 (6.6)
≥ 8, n (%)	84 (93.3%)
Need for oxygen therapy or ventilatory support
Oxygen therapy	12 (13.3%)
CPAP	37 (41.1%)
MV	13 (14.4%)
ICU admission	76 (84.4%)
Length of stay (d)	12.0 (5.0-22.2)
Death	10 (11.1%)
Death by gestational age
< 28 wk, n (%)	6 (6.7)
≥ 28 and < 30 wk, n (%)	0 (0.0)
≥ 30 and < 34 wk, n (%)	2 (2.2)
≥ 34 and < 37 wk, n (%)	2 (2.2)

PI: Preterm infant; ICU: Intensive care unit; NRDS: Newborn respiratory distress syndrome; HR: Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate; SpO2: Peripheral oxygen saturation; CPAP: Constant positive airway pressure; MV: Mechanical ventilation.

Table 3 Comparison of data according to the need for mechanical ventilation

	Ambient air-O2-CPAP	MV	OR (95%CI)	P value
	Median	Median
	(p25-p75)	(p25-p75)
	n (%) = 77 (85.6)	n (%) = 13 (14.4)
Maternal age	32.0 (28.5 - 36.0)	28.0 (25.0 - 31.5)	0.823 (0.710-0.954)	0.010a
GA in wk	34.1 (33.1-35.4)	29.4 (25.4-32.0)	0.632 (0.504-0.790)	< 0.001b
< 281	1 (14.3)	6 (85.7)	147.000 (11.527-1874.655)	< 0.001b
≥ 28 and < 301	4 (80.0)	1 (20.0)	6.125 (0.451-83.116)	0.173
≥ 30 and < 341	23 (85.2)	4 (14.8)	4.261 (0.727-24.970)	0.108
≥ 34 and < 371	49 (96.1)	2 (3.9)	1.000
Birth weight (g)	2260.0 (1707.5-2621.5)	1035.0 (605.0-1819.0)	0.997 (0.996-0.999)	< 0.001b
HR (bpm)	145.0 (135.0-153.5)	139.0 (129.5-155.0)	1.001 (0.970-1.032)	0.969
RR (com)	52.0 (41.0-64.0)	53.0 (46.5-64.5)	1.014 (0.971-1.059)	0.525
SpO2 (%)	93.0 (93.0-97.0)	96.0 (84.0-97.5)	0.975 (0.939-1.012)	0.178
Length of stay (d)	12.0 (5.0-21.0)	15.0 (1.5-39.0)	1.028 (0.990-1.067)	0.154
Apgar 1 min1
< 8	28 (71.81)	11 (28.2)	9.625 (1.989-46.569)	0.003a
≥ 8	49 (96.1)	2 (3.9)	1.000
Apgar 5 min1
< 8	2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)	16.667 (2.666-104.189)	0.003a
≥ 8	75 (89.3)	9 (10.7)	1.000
Outcome1
Discharge	76 (95.0)	4 (5.0)	1.000	< 0.001b
Death	1 (10.0)	9 (90.0)	171.000 (17.185-1701.583)

¹n (%).

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001. GA: Gestational age; HR: Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate; SpO2: Peripheral oxygen saturation; O2: Oxygen therapy; CPAP: Constant positive airway pressure; MV: Mechanical ventilation; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.