Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Crit Care Med. May 9, 2021; 10(3): 47-57
Published online May 9, 2021. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i3.47
Table 1 Comparison of patient variables in the coronavirus disease 2019-positive and control groups

COVID-19+, n = 274 (56.5%)
COVID-19, n = 211 (43.5%)
Total, n = 485
P value
Age (yr)50.9 ± 10.940.4 ± 12.346.4 ± 12.7< 0.001c
Male gender, n (%)144 (52.6)113 (53.6)257 (53.0)0.450
Hepatic steatosis, n (%)Presence112 (40.9)41 (19.4)153 (31.5)< 0.001c
Absence162 (58.1)170 (80.6)332 (68.5)
Liver's attenuation (HU)45.7 ± 11.453.9 ± 15.949.3 ± 14.2< 0.001c
Comorbidities
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)45 (16.4)13 (6.2)58 (12.0)0.001b
Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2)153 (55.8)55 (26.1)208 (42.9)< 0.001c
Diabetes mellitus68 (24.8)29 (13.7)97 (20.0)0.003b
Hypertension107 (39.1)37 (17.5)144 (29.7)< 0.001c
Cardiac disease36 (13.1)23 (10.9)59 (12.2)0.455
Chronic lung disease29 (10.6)24 (13.7)53 (10.9)0.896
No comorbidity1136 (49.6)129 (61.1)265 (54.6)0.012a
Smoking history57 (20.8)56 (26.1)112 (23.1)0.110
Alcohol usage4 (1.5)4 (1.9)8 (1.6)0.709
Table 2 Binominal logistic regression analysis of statistically significant data in univariate analysis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Variable
OR
95%CI
P-value
Age 1.0741.052-1.0970.002b
Hepatic steatosis2.1871.336-3.580< 0.001c
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)4.8102.269-10.1950.001b
Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2)3.5732.181-5.853< 0.001c
Diabetes mellitus0.3960.213-0.7360.003b
Hypertension1.4550.867-2.4420.156
Table 3 Comparison of patient variables in those with coronavirus disease 2019 and with or without hepatic steatosis
Variable
Steatosis+, n = 112
Steatosis, n = 162
Total, n = 284
P value
Age (yr)51.2 ± 9.250.7 ± 10.150.9 ± 10.90.321
Male gender, n (%)65 (58.0)79 (48.8)144 (52.6)0.131
Liver's attenuation, Hounsfield unit34.2 ± 4.853.6 ± 7.245.7 ± 11.5< 0.001c
Pneumonia severity score8.6 ± 3.56.8 ± 3.27.5 ± 3.4< 0.001c
Comorbidities
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)28 (25.0)17 (10.5)45 (16.4)0.001b
Overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2)69 (61.6)65 (40.6)134 (48.9)< 0.001c
Diabetes mellitus33 (29.5)35 (21.6)68 (24.8)0.139
Hypertension42 (37.5)65 (40.1)107 (39.1)0.662
Cardiac disease13 (11.6)23 (14.2)36 (13.1)0.533
Chronic lung disease12 (10.7)18 (11.1)30 (10.9)0.918
No comorbidity154 (48.2)82 (50.6)136 (49.6)0.696
Smoking history18 (16.1)39 (24.1)57 (20.8)0.109
Alcohol usage4 (3.6)0 (0)4 (1.5)0.015a
Table 4 Correlation between hepatic attenuation value, coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia severity score, and age

Liver attenuation value
Pneumonia severity score
Age
Liver attenuation valuer1−0.30510.2421
P value< 0.001c< 0.001c
Pneumonia severity scorer−0.305110.3291
P value< 0.001c< 0.001c
Age r−0.24210.32911
P value< 0.001c< 0.001c