Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: Pathophysiological background and clinical applications

Table 1 Main published randomized control trial on probiotics administration in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Author, year	Disease	Indication	Probiotic	n	Outcome
Gionchetti et al[106] 2000	IPAA	Remission maintenance	VSL#3	20 treated20 placebo	Superior to placebo
Mimura et al[107] 2004	IPAA	Remission maintenance	VSL#3	20 treated16 placebo	Superior to placebo
Gionchetti et al[109] 2003	IPAA	Prevention	VSL#3	20 treated20 placebo	Superiori to placebo
Gosselink et al[108] 2004	IPAA	Prevention	LGG	38 treated35 no treatment	Superior to no treatment
Pronio et al[110] 2008	IPAA	Prevention	VSL#3	16 treated15 no treatment	Superior to no treatment
Kuisma et al[111] 2003	IPAA	Pouchitis	LGG	10 treated10 placebo	No difference
Rembacken et al[117] 1999	UC	Inducing and maintenance remission	E. coli Nissle 1917	57 treated59 mesalamine	Not inferior
Kato et al[116] 2009	UC	Inducing remission	Fermented milk (B. breve+B. bifidum)	10 treated10 placebo	No difference
Tursi et al[118] 2004	UC	Inducing remission	VSL#3	30 VSL#3+ balsalazide30 balsalazide28 mesalamine	VSL#3+ balsalazide better
Furrie et al[115] 2005	UC	Inducing remission	Synbiontic(B. longum)	9 treated9 placebo	No difference
Matthes et al[124] 2006	UC	Inducing remission	E. coli Nissle 1917 (enemas)	20 treated (3 groups different doses)20 placebo	Superior to placebo
Sood et al[126] 2009	UC	Inducing remission	VSL#3	77 treated 70 placebo	Superior to placebo
Miele et al[125] 2009	UC (pediatric)	Inducing and maintenance remission	VSL#3	14 treated15 placebo	Superior to placebo (corticosteroids)
Tursi et al[118] 2004	UC	Inducing remission	VSL#3	71 treated73 placebo	No difference
Kruis et al[119] 1997	UC	Remission maintenance	E. coli Nissle 1917	58 treated60 mesalamine	Not inferior
Ishikawa et al[127] 2003	UC	Remission maintenance	Bifidobacteria-fermented milk	11 treated10 placebo	Superior to placebo
Cui et al[128] 2004	UC	Remission maintenance	Bifidobacteria	15 treated15 placebo	Superior to placebo
Kruis et al[120] 2004	UC	Remission maintenance	E. coli Nissle 1917	162 treated165 mesalamine	Not inferior
Zocco et al[121] 2006	UC	Remission maintenance	LGG	65 LGG62 LGG+ mesalamine60 mesalamine	No difference remission rateLGG longer relapse-free time
Wildt et al[122] 2011	UC	Remission maintenance	L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12	20 treated12 placebo	No difference
Malchow et al[136] 1997	CD	Remission maintenance	E. coli Nissle 1917	10 treated10 placebo	No difference
Guslandi et al[135] 2000	CD	Remission maintenance	S. boulardii	16 mesalamine+ probiotic16 mesalamine	No difference
Prantera et al[131] 2002	CD	Remission maintenance(post-surgery)	LGG	18 treated19 placebo	No difference
Schultz et al[134] 2004	CD	Inducing and maintenance remission	LGG	4 treated5 placebo	No difference
Bousvaros et al[133] 2005	CD (pediatric)	Remission maintenance	LGG	39 treated36 placebo	No difference
Marteau et al[139] 2006	CD	Remission maintenance	L. johnsonii (LA1)	48 treated50 placebo	No difference
Van Gossum et al[140] 2007	CD	Remission maintenance	L. johnsonii (LA1)	34 treated36 placebo	No difference
Chermesh et al[142] 2007	CD	Remission maintenance	Symbiontic 2000	15 treated15 placebo	No difference

RCT: Randomized control trial; IPAA: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; LGG: L. rhamnosus subsp. GG; E. coli: Escherichia coli.