Immunological aspects of drug-induced liver injury

Figure 1 Hypothetical schema of the immunological pathogenesis of drug induced liver injury (ref. [5] with modifications). ¹Genetic polymorphism.

Figure 2 Contribution of environmental and genetic factors to drug metabolism and immune response in drug induced liver injury[30].

Figure 3 Cytokine production by immune cells after stimulation with suspected drug alone or suspected drug-pulsed HepG2 lysates in patients with drug induced liver injury[36]. A, B: The percentages of CD8⁺ cells that are IFN-γ⁺ after stimulation with the suspected drug alone in patients with hepatocellular type (A) and cholestatic type (B) liver injury; C, D: Fold expansions of TNF-α⁺ cells (stimulation index) in CD14+ cells after stimulation with untreated HepG2 lysates (C) or the suspected drug-pulsed HepG2 lysates (D) in patients with cholestatic type liver injury. NS: Not significant.