Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Southern India

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v8.i2.33

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Pediatr. Apr 9, 2019; 8(2): 33-42
Published online Apr 9, 2019. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v8.i2.33

Table 1 Respiratory syncytial virus and non-respiratory syncytial viruses associated with lower respiratory tract infection in young children

RSV	94 (24.5%)
All virus (RSV and/or other virus¹)	130 (34.0%)
Co-infection with multiple viruses	21 (5.5%)
Non-RSV viruses alone¹	57 (14.8%)
Virus-negative	253 (66%)
Total enrolled	383

¹Other viruses include infection with parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses A and B and adenoviruses. RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus.

Table 2 Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus infection

Variable		RSV negative (n = 289)	RSV positive (n = 94)	P value
Birth weight (≥ 2500 g)	No	55 (75.3)	18 (24.7)	0.980
Birth weight (≥ 2500 g)	Yes	234 (75.4)	76 (24.6)	0.980
Breast fed exclusively for ≥ 3 mo	No	66 (68.0)	31 (32.0)	0.049
Breast fed exclusively for ≥ 3 mo	Yes	223 (77.9)	63 (22.1)	0.049
Gestational age (≥ 37 wk)	No	33 (75.0)	11 (25.0)	0.940
Gestational age (≥ 37 wk)	Yes	256 (75.5)	83 (24.5)	0.940
Neonatal complications	No	241 (74.8)	81 (25.2)	0.522
Neonatal complications	Yes	48 (78.6)	13 (21.4)	0.522
Family history of asthma	No	256 (75.9)	81 (24.1)	0.532
Family history of asthma	Yes	33 (71.7)	13 (28.3)	0.532
History of smoking in the household	No	220 (73.8)	78 (26.2)	0.165
History of smoking in the household	Yes	69 (81.1)	16 (18.9)	0.165
Kitchen type	Indoor with partition	202 (74.2)	70 (25.8)	0.484
	Indoor without partition	85 (78.7)	23 (21.3)
	Open air	2 (66.6)	1 (33.4)
Cooking fuel	Electric	2 (100)	0 (0)	0.695
	Kerosene	6 (66.6)	3 (33.4)
	Liquefied petroleum gas	241 (74.8)	81 (25.2)
	Wood/dung	40 (80.0)	10 (20.0)
PICU admission	No	245 (75.2)	81 (24.8)	0.741
PICU admission	Yes	44 (77.2)	13 (22.8)	0.741

RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.

Table 3 Risk factors among respiratory viral infection

Variable		No virus detected (n = 253)	Respiratory viral positive (n = 130)	P value
Birth weight (≥ 2500 g)	No	48	22	0.623
Birth weight (≥ 2500 g)	Yes	205	108	0.623
Breast fed exclusively for ≥ 3 mo	No	198	92	0.106
Breast fed exclusively for ≥ 3 mo	Yes	55	38	0.106
Gestational age (≥ 37 wk)	No	30	14	0.752
Gestational age (≥ 37 wk)	Yes	223	116	0.752
Neonatal complications	No	214	111	0.836
Neonatal complications	Yes	39	19	0.836
Family history of asthma	No	214	114	0.751
Family history of asthma	Yes	27	16	0.751
History of smoking in the household	No	195	106	0.315
History of smoking in the household	Yes	58	24	0.315
Kitchen type	Indoor with partition	174	99	0.313
	Indoor without partition	77	30
	Open air	2	1
PICU admission	No	214	112	0.683
PICU admission	Yes	39	18	0.683

RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.

Table 4 Comparison of outcome between respiratory syncytial virus positive and respiratory syncytial virus negative

Days of	RSV		P value
Days of	Positive	Negative	P value
Hospital stay	4.0 (1.0-17.0)	4.0 (1.0-65.0)	0.031
Oxygen use	1.5 (1.0-9.0)	2.0 (1.0-65.0)	0.176
Antibiotic use	4.0 (1.0-12.0)	4.0 (1.0-29.0)	0.303
Nebulization use	3.0 (1.0-17.0)	4.0 (1.0-65.0)	0.012
PICU stay	2.5 (1.0-10.0)	2.00 (1.0-20.0)	0.547

RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.

Table 5 Association of signs and symptoms with respiratory syncytial virus infection

Variable		RSV positive(n = 94)	RSV negative(n = 289)	P value
Fever	Yes	63 (23.8)	201 (76.2)	0.645
Fever	No	31 (26.0)	88 (74.0)	0.645
Rhinorrhea	Yes	81 (24.6)	248 (75.4)	0.931
Rhinorrhea	No	13 (24.0)	41 (76.0)	0.931
Cough	Yes	85 (23.5)	276 (76.5)	0.066
Cough	No	9 (40.9)	13 (59.1)	0.066
Fast breathing	Yes	62 (24.5)	191 (75.5)	0.981
Fast breathing	No	32 (24.6)	98 (75.4)	0.981
Wheezing	Yes	45 (22.9)	151 (77.1)	0.461
Wheezing	No	49 (26.2)	138 (73.8)	0.461
Auscultatory crepitations	Yes	73 (25.7)	210 (76.3)	0.338
Auscultatory crepitations	No	21 (21.0)	79 (79.0)	0.338
Chest retractions	Yes	52 (25.6)	151 (74.4)	0.604
Chest retractions	No	42 (23.3)	138 (76.6)	0.604

RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.

Citation: Kini S, Kalal BS, Chandy S, Shamsundar R, Shet A. Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Southern India. World J Clin Pediatr 2019; 8(2): 33-42
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v8/i2/33.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v8.i2.33