Efficiency of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric surgical practice

Table 1 Most common indications of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Caustic ingestion

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Dysphagia or odynophagia

Recurrent or epigastric abdominal pain

Failure to thrive or weight loss

Vomiting

Chronic or complicated GER

Diarrhea or malabsorption

Investigation for iron deficiency anemia

Inflammatory bowel disease

GER: Gastroesophageal reflux.

Table 2 Most common detected pathologies in upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Erosive esophagitis

Gastritis

Peptic ulcer disease

Esophageal varices

Duodenitis or duodenal ulcer

Mallory-Weiss tears

Gastric erosion

Dieulafoy’s lesion

Angioectasia

Esophageal or gastric polyps

Table 3 Typical indications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Inability to swallow

Neurological impairment

Multiple congenital malformation

Oropharyngeal dysmotility

Epidermolysis bullosa

Inadequate calorie intake

Cystic fibrosis

Congenital cardiac disease

Chronic respiratory failure

Special feeding requirements

Continuous enteral feeding

Oncologic disease

Genetic syndromes

Table 4 Common complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Failure of replacement

Wound infection

Local erythema

Celulitis

Sepsis

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastric ulcer

Stomal leakage

Death

Gatrocolic fistula

Transient ileus

Gastroesophageal reflux

Peritonitis

Granulation tissue

Catheter migration

Hepatic injury

Aortogastric fistula

Subcutaneous emphysema