Impact of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on early-life gut microbial diversity

Table 1 Characteristics and functional gastrointestinal symptoms at birth up to 4 months, n (%) or median (min-max)

Parameters	L. reuteri (n = 17)	Placebo (n = 17)	P value
Gestational age, week	38 (37, 40)	38 (37, 40)	0.454
Gender, male	9 (52.9)	7 (41.2)	0.563
Mode of delivery, normal labour	9 (52.9)	7 (41.2)	0.563
Birth weight (g)	3160 (2710-3665)	3100 (2300-4480)	0.454
First birth rank	11 (64.7)	11 (64.7)	1.000
Immediate family type	11 (64.7)	8 (47.1)	0.394
Family history of allergic disease	7 (41.2)	4 (23.5)	0.394
Smoking in the family	4 (23.5)	4 (23.5)	1.000
Compliance with medication (days)	47.5 (13, 56)	51 (31, 56)	0.157
Body weight gain (g/day)
0-1 month	37.6 (17.4, 44.6)	36.1 (14, 52)	0.867
1-2 months	34.3 (17.1, 47.0)	34.6 (21.1, 55.0)	0.786
2-4 months	27.7 (16.3, 27.6)	29 (22.8, 45.6)	0.474
Regurgitation
Episodes/day
1 month	0.46 (0, 2)	0.32 (0, 2.3)	0.631
2 months	0.5 (0,1.6)	0.52 (0, 3.8)	0.631
Regurgitation by Rome IV
1 month	0	0	1.000
2 months	0	1 (5.9)	0.790
Regurgitation symptom
1 month	7 (41.2)	12 (70.6)	0.245
2 months	3 (17.6)	8 (47)	0.106
4 months	2 (11.8)	5 (29.4)	0.357
Crying 1-3 hours/day
1 month	4 (23.5)	1 (5.9)	0.136
2 months	0	1 (5.9)	0.973
4 months	1 (5.9)	0	0.838
Stool frequency (times/day)
1 month	4.1 (1, 6.8)	5.0 (0.7, 9.7)	0.247
2 months	2.7 (0.5, 9)	3.0 (0.3, 6.7)	0.610
4 months	2 (0.3, 3)	2 (0.3, 3)	0.973
Stool consistency, Bristol stool scale
1 month	6 (3.6, 7)	6 (4.8, 7)	0.845
2 months	6 (5, 7)	6 (4, 7)	0.763

L. reuteri: Limosilactobacillus reuteri.