Patient satisfaction and performance of the A8+ TouchCare Nano in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Pediatr. Sep 9, 2026; 15(3): 118236
Published online Sep 9, 2026. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.118236

Table 1 Participant characteristics (n = 28), n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Value
Boys/girls (n)	17/11
Age (years)	12.6 ± 4.9
Preadolescent/adolescent	9/19
Body weight (kg)	51.8 ± 17.0
Stature (cm)	157.7 ± 20.5
Duration of T1DM diagnosis (years)	4.6 ± 4.4
HbA1c (%)	7.9 ± 2.1
Previously on CSII (other pump)	25 (89)
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	163.1 ± 34.7
Average TDD total daily dose (IU)	40.4 ± 21.2
Average carbohydrates/day (g/day)	132.2 ± 76.6

T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; CSII: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; TDD: Total daily dose.

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Table 2 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery system in the total sample (n = 28), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value¹
GMI%	7.2 ± 0.8	6.8 ± 0.6	-0.4 ± 0.4	0.1	0.000¹
HbA1c%	7.9 ± 2.1	6.8 ± 1.0	-1.1 ± 1.7	0.3	0.000¹
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	65.3 ± 19.6	77.5 ± 14.8	12.5 ± 9.9	1.9	0.000¹
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	31.9 ± 20	20.7 ± 14.9	-11.2 ± 9.7	1.9	0.000¹
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	12.2 ± 13.9	7.0 ± 8.5	-5.2 ± 6.8	1.3	0.000¹
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	2.8 ± 2.8	1.8 ± 1.8	-1.0 ± 3.3	0.6	0.159
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.6 ± 1.0	0.2 ± 0.4	-0.4 ± 1.1	0.2	0.295
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	45.5 ± 16.7	58.2 ± 15.1	12.7 ± 10.7	2.1	0.000¹
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	163.1 ± 34.7	145 ± 26.6	-18.1 ± 15.8	3.1	0.000¹
Average TDD (units)	40.4 ± 21.2	34.7 ± 15.6	-5.7 ± 16.1	4.2	0.256
Number of hypoglycemic episodes per week (n)	1.7 ± 1.2	1.4 ± 9.7	-0.3 ± 1.6	0.3	0.446

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose management indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.

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Table 3 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery hybrid closed loop system in the sample (n = 21), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value¹
GMI%	7.0 ± 0.6	6.7 ± 0.5	-0.3 ± 0.3	0.1	0.003¹
HbA1c%	7.8 ± 2.0	6.7 ± 0.7	-1.1 ± 1.9	0.4	0.002¹
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	68.2 ± 16.3	79.9 ± 12.6	11.8 ± 9.2	2.1	0.000¹
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	28.8 ± 15.8	18.7 ± 12.4	-9.9 ± 8.4	1.9	0.000¹
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	9.9 ± 9.7	5.9 ± 6.6	-4.0 ± 5.6	1.3	0.005¹
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	3.1 ± 3.0	1.4 ± 1.3	-1.4 ± 3.4	0.8	0.091
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.7 ± 1.2	0.2 ± 0.4	-0.5 ± 1.3	0.3	0.130
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	48.9 ± 13.4	61.3 ± 11.8	12.3 ± 10.3	2.4	0.002¹
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	156.9 ± 25.0	141.9 ± 21.9	-15.0 ± 13.3	3	0.001¹
Average TDD (units)	37.7 ± 21.4	34.5 ± 17.3	-3.1 ± 13.2	3.8	0.433

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose Management Indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.

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Table 4 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery open loop system in the sample (n = 7), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value¹
GMI%	7.6 ± 1.3	6.9 ± 0.9	0.2	0.2	0.027¹
HbA1c%	8.4 ± 2.6	7.3 ± 1.6	0.4	0.4	0.028¹
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	56.7 ± 26.5	71.2 ± 19.3	4.6	4.6	0.018¹
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	40.8 ± 27.9	26.0 ± 20.4	4.8	4.8	0.018¹
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	18.6 ± 21.3	10.0 ± 12.5	3.4	3.4	0.018¹
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	2.5 ± 2.1	2.8 ± 2.5	1	1	0.933
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.5 ± 0.6	0.4 ± 0.4	0.3	0.3	0.547
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	36.8 ± 21.8	50.4 ± 20.5	4.7	4.7	0.043
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	179.9 ± 51.8	153.4 ± 37.4	7.5	0.3	0.028¹
Average TDD (units)	51.3 ± 20.0	35.5 ± 8.1	15	4.7	0.285

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose Management Indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.

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Table 5 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery system among pubertal participants with T1 type 1 diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus (n = 19), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value¹
GMI%	7.3 ± 0.9	6.9 ± 0.7	-0.4 ± 0.4	0.1	0.001¹
HbA1c%	8.1 ± 2.1	7 ± 1.2	-1.2 ± 1.3	0.3	0.000¹
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	62.6 ± 22.0	75.8 ± 16.4	13.2 ± 11.1	2.5	0.000¹
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	34.6 ± 22.6	22.9 ± 16.3	-11.5 ± 11.2	2.6	0.000¹
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	14.7 ± 15.4	8.1 ± 9.6	-6.6 ± 7.3	1.7	0.001¹
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	2.8 ± 2.1	1.3 ± 1.4	-1.2 ± 2.1	0.5	0.019¹
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.6 ± 1.0	0.2 ± 0.4	-0.4 ± 1.1	0.3	0.349
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	44.7 ± 18.4	55.9 ± 16.3	11.2 ± 11.4	2.7	0.004¹
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	168.5 ± 39.0	149.7 ± 29	-18.8 ± 17.8	4.1	0.001¹
Average TDD (units)	48.8 ± 17.6	38.9 ± 15.4	-9.9 ± 15.7	4.7	0.062

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose Management Indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.

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Table 6 Changes in glycemic control before and after the A8+ TouchCare Nano automated insulin delivery system among prepubertal participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 9), mean ± SD

Variable	Baseline (previous treatment)	After (A8+ TouchCare Nano AID)	Δ	SEM	P value¹
GMI%	6.8 ± 0.2	6.5 ± 0.3	-0.3 ± 0.4	0.1	0.044¹
HbA1c%	7.4 ± 2.3	6.5 ± 0.2	-1.0 ± 2.4	0.8	0.310
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)%	71.7 ± 9.4	82.4 ± 8.4	10.6 ± 5.9	2.2	0.018¹
TAR (> 180 mg/dL)%	25.0 ± 7.5	14.6 ± 8.0	-10.4 ± 3.5	1.3	0.018¹
Very high (> 250 mg/dL)%	5.6 ± 5.0	4.1 ± 3.6	-1.5 ± 3.1	1.2	0.271
TBR (< 70 mg/dL)%	3.3 ± 4.3	3.0 ± 2.2	-0.3 ± 5.6	2.1	0.310
Very low (< 56 mg/dL)%	0.7 ± 1.3	0.3 ± 0.3	-0.5 ± 1.4	0.5	0.892
TITR (70-140 mg/dL)%	47.8 ± 12.1	64.2 ± 10.3	16.4 ± 8.0	3	0.018¹
Blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	148.4 ± 9.7	132.3 ± 13.2	-16.1 ± 9.2	3.5	0.027¹
Average TDD (units)	17.3 ± 9.5	23.3 ± 10.4	6.0 ± 11.9	6	0.273

¹Wilkoxon ranks test, values with statistical significance.

AID: Automated insulin delivery; GMI: Glucose Management Indicator; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; SEM: Standard error of mean; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; TAR: Time above range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TITR: Time in tight range; TDD: Total daily dose.

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Citation: Kosta K, Grammatikopoulou MG, Toulia I, Smyrnaki P, Paschalidou EG, Vamvakis A, Bogiatzoglou A, Tzimos C, Tsiroukidou K. Patient satisfaction and performance of the A8+ TouchCare Nano in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(3): 118236
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i3/118236.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.118236

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