Pediatric burns: Key insights from cohort of 325 patients

Table 1 Age, gender and domicile of study patients

	Number of patients	Percentage (%)
Age (years)
≤ 1	56	17.23
> 1 to ≤ 5	150	46.15
> 5 to ≤ 15	119	36.61
Total	325	100.0
Gender
Male	194	59.7
Female	131	40.3
Residential area
Punjab	106	32.6
HP	74	22.7
Chandigarh	56	17.2
Haryana	53	16.3
UP	34	10.5
Bihar	1	0.3
Uttarakhand	1	0.3

HP: Himachal Pradesh; UP: Uttar Pradesh.

Table 2 Time lapse from burn injury to presentation

Time lapse from injury to admission	n (%)
0	55 (16.9)
1-7	213 (65.5)
8-13	30 (9.2)
14-21	10 (3.1)
> 21	17 (5.2)
Total	325 (100.0)
mean ± SD	4.82 ± 10.24
Median (interquartile range)	2 (1-98)

Table 3 Nature and circumstances of injury

Nature of injury	Frequency	%
Accidental
Indoor	253	77.84
Outdoor	67	20.61
Assault	5	1.5
Total	325	100

Table 4 Causative agents for different types burn

Causative agents	Number of patients	%
Scald
Hot water	91	51.42
Hot milk	47	26.55
Hot tea	21	11.86
Hot oil	11	6.21
Hot dal	5	2.82
Hot caramel	1	0.56
Steam	1	0.56
Thermal/flame burn
LPG leak	74	79.56
Bonefire	4	4.30
Firecracker	15	16.12
Electric burn
HVEB (contact)	42	76.36
LVEB (contact)	8	14.54
Flash burn	5	9.09

LPG: Liquefied petroleum gas; HVEB: High voltage electric burn; LVEB: Low voltage electric burn.

Table 5 Initial reporting before reaching our center

Place of initial reporting	Frequency	%
Government hospital	190	58.46
Private hospital	92	28.30
Home treatment	23	7.07
None	20	6.15
Total	325	100

Table 6 Resuscitation level at the time of presentation

Resuscitation	Frequency	%
Under resuscitated	179	55.07
Adequately resuscitated	146	44.92
Over resuscitated	0	0
Total	325	100

Table 7 Length of intensive care unit stay

ICU stay (days)	Frequency	%
< 7	110	45.5
7-13	72	29.8
14-20	29	12.0
21-34	25	10.3
35+	6	2.5
Total	242	100.0
mean ± SD	10.43 ± 9.41
Median (interquartile range)	7 (1-50)

ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 8 Procedures done in study patients

Procedures done	Frequency	%
Fasciotomy	6	1.84
Debridement/SSG	170	52.30
Shoulder disarticulation/limb or digit amputation	20	6.15
Tracheostomy	2	0.61
Amniotic membrane transplant	1	0.30
IR guided glue injection	1	0.30
Flap surgeries	5	1.53
Colostomy/abdominal mesh placement	1	0.30
None	148	45.53
Total	325	100

SSG: Split-thickness skin graft; IR: Interventional radiology.

Table 9 Length of hospital stay

Length of hospital stay (days)	Number of patients	%
< 7	71	22.6
7-14	74	23.6
15-30	83	26.4
31-45	53	16.9
46-60	25	8.0
> 60	8	2.5
Total	314	100.0
mean ± SD	21.89 ± 18.12
Median (interquartile range)	17 (1-125)

Table 10 Patient outcomes based on time of presentation to Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Outcomes	Patients presenting early (≤ 48 hours)		Patients presenting late (> 48 hours)
	TBSA < 50%	TBSA > 50%	TBSA < 50%	TBSA > 50%
Healed	132	3	67	0
Partially healed	45	5	17	1
Death	5	25	16	9
Total	182	33	100	10
P value	< 0.001		< 0.001

TBSA: Total body surface area.

Table 11 Family income of study patients

Income (Indian rupee)	Frequency	%
< 20000	188	57.86
20000-40000	120	36.92
40001-60000	15	4.6
60000+	2	0.6
Total	325	100.0

Table 12 Hospital expense covered under insurance

Covered under insurance	Frequency	%
Ayushman Bharat	114	35.07
Company medical insurance	6	1.84
Government medical reimbursement	13	4.0
Himcare	22	6.76
No coverage	170	52.30
Total	325	100.0

Table 13 Total loss of income

Income (Indian rupee)	Number of patients	%
< 20000	133	44.33
20000-40000	159	53
> 40000	8	2.66
Total	300	100.0
mean ± SD	19225.71 ± 12632.91
Median (interquartile range)	20000 (0-90000)

Table 14 Behavioral changes in siblings

Behavioral changes in siblings	Frequency	%
Anxiety	28	8.61
Fearful of burn injury	42	12.92
Irritable/jealous/anger	7	2.15
More sympathetic and caring towards patient	37	11.38