Pediatric Candiduria: Insights from an observational study at a tertiary care hospital in northwestern India

Table 1 Distribution of patients as per age, gender, location and direct microscopy findings

Variables	Number of participants	%
Sex
Male	61	77.22
Female	18	22.78
Total	79	100.00
Age
Neonate (< 1 month)	39	49.37
Infant (1 month to 1 year)	21	26.58
1-5 years	9	11.39
5-10 years	5	6.39
10-14 years	5	6.39
Total	79	100.00
Location
Neonatal intensive care unit	30	37.97
Paediatric intensive care unit	22	27.85
In-patient department	22	27.85
Out-patient department	5	6.33
Total	79	100.00
Colony counts (colony forming unit/mL)
103-104	8	10.13
104-105	28	35.44
>105	43	54.43
Total	79	100.00
Pus cells
Absent	12	15.19
Present	67	84.81
Total	79	100.00

Table 2 Distribution of Candida isolates as per gender

Candida species isolated	Males	Females	Total	%
Candida albicans	13	4	17	21.52
Candida glabrata	14	4	18	22.78
Candida krusei	1	0	1	1.27
Candida parapsilosis	7	2	9	11.39
Candida tropicalis	26	8	34	43.04
Total	61	18	79	100.00

Table 3 Distribution of Candida isolates as per locations

Species	IPD	NICU	OPD	PICU	Total
Candida albicans	9	5	2	1	17
Candida glabrata	4	8	0	6	18
Candida krusei	0	0	0	1	1
Candida parapsilosis	2	4	0	3	9
Candida tropicalis	7	13	3	11	34
Total	22	30	5	22	79

IPD: Inpatient department; NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit; OPD: Outpatient department; PICU: Pediatric intensive care units.

Table 4 Patient characteristics with predisposing factors, medical history and clinical manifestations

Variables	Total	Percentage
Birth weight (up to 1 year old patients)
Birth weight in normal range (> 2500 g)	35	58.34
Low birth weight (1500-2500 g)	8	13.34
Very low birth weight (< 1500 g)	10	16.67
Extremely low birth weight (< 1000 g)	7	11.67
Medical history
Lung disease	22	27.85
Renal anomalies	11	13.92
Congenital heart disease	7	8.86
Chronic liver disease	7	8.86
Post transplant	7	8.86
Type 1 diabetes mellitus	4	5.06
Malignancy	3	3.80
No remarkable medical history	27	34.18
Predisposing factors1
Broad spectrum antibiotics	57	72.15
Prolonged hospital stay > 15 days	21	26.58
Steroids	18	22.78
Catheterisation	14	17.72
Clinical manifestations1
Fever	50	63.29
Cry	24	30.38
Abnormal breathing	22	27.85
Poor feeding	18	22.78
Vomiting	9	11.39
Diarrhoea	7	8.86
Foul smell urine	6	7.59
Failure to thrive	3	3.80
Mild jaundice	3	3.80
Hypothermia	2	2.53

¹More than 1 variable present in single patient.

Table 5 Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates, n (%)

Result	Resistant	Susceptible	Total
Fluconazole	12 (15.19)	67 (84.81)	79
Voriconazole	13 (16.46)	66 (83.54)	79
Caspofungin	16 (20.25)	63 (79.75)	79
Micafungin	26 (32.91)	53 (67.09)	79
Amphotericin B	11 (13.92)	68 (86.08)	79
Flucytosine	11 (13.92)	68 (86.08)	79