Brain metabolic profile assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ‎‎children with Down syndrome: Relation to intelligence quotient

doi:10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.310

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2023; 12(5): 310-318
Published online Dec 9, 2023. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.310

Table 1 Demographic data and intelligence quotient of children with Down syndrome and their controls

	DS (n = 40)	Controls (n = 40)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	10.85 ± 2.72	10.70 ± 2.64	0.87
Sex, n (%)			0.24
Male	28 (70%)	26 (65%)
Female	12 (30%)	14 (35%)
IQ (mean ± SD)	68.45 ± 6.11	96.73 ± 2.68	0.001¹

¹P < 0.01 is significant.

DS: Down syndrome; IQ: Intelligence quotient.

Table 2 Brain metabolite ratios of children with down syndrome and controls

Brain metabolite ratios (mean ± SD)	DS (n = 40)	Controls (n = 40)	P value
Frontal lobe
NAA/Cr	1.19 ± 0.44	1.788 ± 0.273	0.001¹
Cho/Cr	1.03 ± 0.40	1.08 ± 0.187	0.473
MI/Cr	0.56 ± 0.21	1.50 ± 0.47	0.001¹
Temporal lobe
NAA/Cr	1.26 ± 1.19	1.75 ±0.21	0.011
Cho/Cr	0.71 ± 0.30	1.07 ±0.16	0.001¹
MI/Cr	0.41 ± 0.19	1.40 ±0.56	0.001¹
Basal ganglia
NAA/Cr	1.21 ± 0.55	1.78 ± 0.19	0.001¹
Cho/Cr	0.68 ± 0.33	1.06 ± 0.17	0.001¹
MI/Cr	0.35 ± 0.17	1.50 ± 0.54	0.001¹
Occipital lobe
NAA/Cr	1.72 ± 0.49	1.92 ± 0.34	0.033
Cho/Cr	0.83 ± 0.35	0.99 ± 0.14	0.011
MI/Cr	0.44 ± 0.17	1.48 ± 0.54	0.001¹

¹P < 0.01 is significant.

Cho: Choline; Cr: Creatine; DS: Down syndrome; MI: Myoinositol; Naa: N-acetyl aspartate.

Table 3 Correlation between intelligence quotient and the brain metabolite ratios in children with down syndrome

Correlations with IQ	r	P value
F NAA/Cr	0.533	< 0.001¹
F Cho/Cr	-0.210	0.193
F MI/Cr	-0.259	0.107
T NAA/Cr	0.215	0.182
T Cho/Cr	0.330	0.037
T MI/Cr	-0.018	0.913
BG NAA/Cr	0.100	0.541
BG Cho/Cr	0.105	0.518
BG MI/Cr	0.008	0.961
O NAA/Cr	0.091	0.578
O Cho/Cr	-0.346	0.029
O MI/Cr	0.215	0.184

¹P < 0.01 is significant.

BG: Basal ganglia; Cho: Choline; Cr: Creatine; DS: Down syndrome; F: Frontal; IQ: Intelligence quotient; MI: Myoinositol; NAA: N-acetyl aspartate; O: Occipital; T: Temporal.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of the brain metabolite ratios that significantly affect intelligence quotient in children with down syndrome

	Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	t value	P value
	B	SE	Beta	t value	P value
F NAA/Cr	10.123	2.260	0.726	4.480	< 0.001¹
T Cho/Cr	10.950	3.347	0.541	3.272	0.002¹
O Cho/Cr	5.695	3.391	0.324	1.679	0.102

¹P < 0.01 is significant.

Dependent variable: IQ; Cho: Choline; Cr: Creatine; F: Frontal; IQ: Intelligence quotient; NAA: N-acetyl aspartate; O: Occipital; T: Temporal.

Citation: El Feil NS, Elmahdy HS, Elmahdy RA, Aboelezz‎ AAE, Dawoud HS, Al-Beltagi M. Brain metabolic profile assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ‎‎children with Down syndrome: Relation to intelligence quotient. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12(5): 310-318
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v12/i5/310.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.310