Acute lobar nephritis in children: Not so easy to recognize and manage

Figure 1 Case 1: Abdominal computed tomography. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen after intravenous contrast injection reveals multiple wedge-shaped hypo dense non enhanced lesions in the right kidney, more visible in the upper and lower pole.

Figure 2 Case 2: Abdominal computed tomography. Abdominal computed tomography after contrast medium administration, showing a notable hypodense area in the upper pole of right kidney.

Figure 3 Case 2: Abdominal ultrasound. Abdominal ultrasonography with power-doppler analysis shows two hypoperfused areas at the upper pole of right kidney.

Figure 4 Case 3: Abdominal ultrasonography. Abdominal ultrasonography shows an increased volume of the left kidney with a small hyperechoic mass (1 cm diameter) in the middle zone of the kidney.

Figure 5 Case 4: Abdominal computed tomography. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen after intravenous contrast injection reveals multiple wedge-shaped cortical hypodense lesions in the both kidneys, more represented in the left one.

Figure 6 Diagnostic algorithm to suspect and then recognize acute lobar nephritis in children. ALN: Acute lobar nephritis; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imagine.