Effects of methyl palmitate and lutein on LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats

Table 1 Effect of methyl palmitate and lutein on lung histopathology of the lung in lipopolysaccharide -induced acute lung injury in rats

Groups	Severity of lesion grade						Average severity grade	Distribution of lesion grade						Average distribution grade
	0	1	2	3	4	5		0	1	2	3	4	5
Control	3	3	0	0	0	0	0.5 ± 0.2	3	3	0	0	0	0	0.500 ± 0.224
LPS	0	0	0	3	3	0	3.5 ± 0.2b	0	0	0	3	3	0	3.5 ± 0.2bd
Methyl palmitate + LPS	0	1	5	0	0	0	1.83 ± 0.17bd	0	0	6	0	0	0	2.0 ± 0.0bd
Lutein + LPS	0	0	3	3	0	0	2.5 ± 0.2bd	0	0	5	1	0	0	2.17 ± 0.17bd

Values represent the mean ± SE of 6 rats/group.

^bP < 0.01 vs the control group;

^dP < 0.01 vs the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (one way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer’s multiple comparisons test).

Table 2 Effect of methyl palmitate and lutein on oxidative stress in the lung homogenate in lipopolysaccharide induced cute lung injury in rats

	Parameters
	MDA (nmol/g tissue)	SOD (units/mg protein)	GSH (μmol/g tissue)
Control	114.036 ± 10.2	25.750 ± 0.629	6.559 ± 0.26
LPS	214.799 ± 9.932b	9.667 ± 0.882b	3.049 ± 0.309a
Methyl palmitate +LPS	164.200 ± 11.707ac	22.108 ± 1.080d	7.352 ± 0.738d
Lutein + LPS	155.649 ± 6.852d	25.333 ± 1.333d	6.051 ± 0.315ac

Values represent the mean ± SE of 6 rats/group.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs the control group;

^cP < 0.05,

^dP < 0.01 vs the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (one way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer’s multiple comparisons test). MDA: Malondialdehyde; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GSH: Glutathione.

Table 3 Effect of methyl palmitate and lutein on total nitrite/nitrate content in lung homogenate in lipopolysaccharide induced cute lung injury in rats

Treatments	Total nitrite/nitrate (μmol/L)
Control	26.459 ± 0.665
LPS	69.129 ± 0.612b
Methyl palmitate + LPS	65.723 ± 2.4b
Lutein + LPS	58.018 ± 3.56bc

^bP < 0.01 vs the control group;

^cP < 0.05 vs the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (one way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer’s multiple comparisons test).