Experimental models of cholesteatoma: A review

Table 1 Canal ligation technique cholesteatoma formation articles

Ref.	Year	Result
Park et al[4]	2005	Control of inflammation with ofloxacin and maintenance of normal clearance mechanisms can manage early stage cholesteatomas
Choufani et al[2]	2007	Animal model cholesteatomas can differ from human cholesteatoma regarding growth regulatory markers
Park et al[6]	2001	Phospholipase C-γ1 may play a role in signaling pathways on genesis of cholesteatoma
Park et al[7]	2001	Cholesteatoma proliferates at a higher rate than retroauricular and deep meatal skin
Yamamoto-Fukuda et al[8]	2010	Tympanic membrane epithelium is the probable source of cholesteatoma epithelium

Table 2 Articles using eustachian tube blocking model for cholesteatoma formation

Ref.	Year	Result
Kim et al[9]	2001	Cytokeratin expression increases with advancing stage of retraction pocket cholesteatoma
Wilmoth et al[10]	2003	Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor necrosis factor alpha may have a role in retraction pocket cholesteatoma
Tinling et al[12] (with combination of canal ligation)	2006	Basal cell keratinocytes’ cell division rate is much more in cholesteatoma

Table 3 Articles using chemical reagant injection technique for cholesteatoma formation

Ref.	Year	Result
White et al[14]	1995	Hyaluronic acid doesn’t inhibit cholesteatoma formation in experimental model
Kayhan et al[16]	2006	Prednisolone may inhibit cholesteatoma formation
Antunes et al[17]	2008	Trans-retinoic acid may inhibit cholesteatoma formation
Melo et al[18]	2013	Mitomycin-C may inhibit cholesteatoma formation
Massuda et al[13]	2005	Latex biomembrane is as effective as propylene glycol injection in cholesteatoma formation in experimental model
Kim et al[19] (With combination of canal ligation and Eustachian tube blocking)	2002	Expression of different types of cytokeratins increases according to cholesteatoma formation way