Endoscopic push through tragal cartilage tympanoplasty: A 10-year retrospective review of our technique and outcomes

Table 1 Classification of endoscopic ear surgery according to Cohen’s classification⁹

Class	Extent of endoscope usage
0	None
1	For inspection only
2a	< 50% of the surgical dissection
2b	> 50% but < 100% of the surgical dissection
3	Entire surgery

Table 2 Descriptive parameters

Parameter	Value
Male	92 (54.8)
Female	76 (45.2)
Pediatric, < 18 years	86 (51.2)
Adults	82 (48.8)
Etiology
Otitis media	140 (83.3)
Traumatic injury	28 (16.7)
Left ear	81 (48.2)
Right ear	87 (51.8)
Age range	8–64
Age, mean ± SD	25.76 ± 16.93
Primary cases	160
Revision surgeries	8

Data are n (% of n = 168) unless otherwise indicated.

Table 3 Operative outcomes and complications

Characteristics	Value
Graft success	159/168 (94.6)
Adult	76/82 (92.6)
Pediatric, < 18 years	83/86 (96.5)
Primary surgery	152/160 (95)
Revision surgery	7/8 (87.5)
Persistent perforation	9/168 (5.4)
Primary, n = 160	8/160 (5)
Revision surgeries, n = 8	1/8 (12.5)
Complications
Surgical site infection	3/168 (1.8)
Hearing improvement	117/168 (69.6)
Adults	53/82 (64.6)
Pediatric	64/86 (74.4)
Overall air-bone gap improvement	12.37 ± 11.42
Pediatric	12.27 ± 10.08
Adult	12.5 ± 13.2

Data are n (% of n = 168) unless otherwise indicated.