Age is an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia in Japan

Table 1 Characteristics of non-acute promyelocytic leukemia patients

		Number of patients
Parameter	Category	All patients (n = 197)		Age in year
				≤64 (n = 74)		65-74 (n = 50)		≥75 (n = 73)
Gender	Female	78	39.60%	30	40.50%	19	38.00%	29	39.70%
	Male	119	60.40%	44	59.50%	31	62.00%	44	60.30%
FAB classification	M0	9	4.60%	3	4.10%	0	0.00%	6	8.20%
	M1	24	12.20%	10	13.50%	4	8.00%	10	13.70%
	M2	100	50.80%	34	45.90%	27	54.00%	39	53.40%
	M4	24	12.20%	11	14.90%	7	14.00%	6	8.20%
	M5	10	5.10%	5	6.80%	3	6.00%	2	2.70%
	M6	13	6.60%	3	4.10%	4	8.00%	6	8.20%
	M7	4	2.00%	2	2.70%	1	2.00%	1	1.40%
Myelodysplasia	Yes	93	47.20%	32	43.20%	20	40.00%	41	56.20%	a
	No	100	50.80%	40	54.10%	29	58.00%	31	42.50%
Performance status	0-1	98	49.70%	45	60.80%	28	56.00%	25	34.20%
	2	46	23.40%	13	17.60%	8	16.00%	25	34.20%
	3-4	49	24.90%	14	18.90%	13	26.00%	22	30.10%
Karyotype risk category
NCCN	F	13	6.60%	9	12.20%	2	4.00%	2	2.70%	a
	I	122	61.90%	43	58.10%	27	54.00%	52	71.20%
	U	46	23.40%	16	21.60%	19	38.00%	11	15.10%
SWOG	F	10	5.10%	7	9.50%	2	4.00%	1	1.40%	a
	I	97	49.20%	35	47.30%	23	46.00%	39	53.40%
	U	59	29.90%	20	27.00%	21	42.00%	18	24.70%
	others	15	7.60%	6	8.10%	2	4.00%	7	9.60%
CALGB	F	13	6.60%	9	12.20%	3	6.00%	1	1.40%	a
	I	100	50.80%	33	44.60%	26	52.00%	41	56.20%
	U	45	22.80%	15	20.30%	16	32.00%	14	19.20%
	others	39	19.80%	17	23.10%	5	10.00%	17	23.20%
Antecedent	No	158	80.20%	60	81.10%	37	74.00%	61	83.60%
hematologic disease	Yes	36	18.30%	13	17.60%	11	22.00%	12	16.40%
Prior chemotherapy	No	174	88.30%	65	87.80%	41	82.00%	68	93.20%
	Yes	19	9.60%	7	9.50%	7	14.00%	5	6.80%
Laboratory findings
WBC (× 103/mL)	< 100	178	90.40%	65	87.80%	48	96.00%	65	89.00%
	≥ 100	16	8.10%	7	9.50%	1	2.00%	8	11.00%
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	< 8.0	93	47.20%	36	48.60%	23	46.00%	34	46.60%
	≥ 8.0	101	51.30%	36	48.60%	26	52.00%	39	53.40%
Platelet (× 104/mL)	< 5.0	85	43.10%	29	39.20%	23	46.00%	33	45.20%
	5.0-10.0	64	32.50%	25	33.80%	20	40.00%	19	26.00%
	≥ 10.0	45	22.80%	18	24.30%	6	12.00%	21	28.80%
% Blast in blood	< 20	89	45.20%	28	37.80%	29	58.00%	32	43.80%
	20-50	43	21.80%	17	23.00%	11	22.00%	15	20.50%
	> 50	59	29.90%	27	36.50%	8	16.00%	24	32.90%
% Blast in marrow	< 50	98	49.70%	33	44.60%	30	60.00%	35	47.90%
	≥ 50	84	42.60%	35	47.30%	18	36.00%	31	42.50%
LDH (IU/L)	< 250	58	29.40%	15	20.30%	24	48.00%	19	26.00%	a
	250-500	75	38.10%	27	36.50%	14	28.00%	34	46.60%
	> 500	59	29.90%	29	39.20%	11	22.00%	19	26.00%
Creatinine (mg/dL)	≤ 1.3	162	82.20%	66	89.20%	41	82.00%	55	75.30%
	> 1.3	29	14.70%	5	6.80%	8	16.00%	16	21.90%
Infection at	No	146	74.10%	52	70.20%	39	78.00%	55	75.30%	a
induction therapy	Yes	48	24.30%	20	27.00%	10	20.00%	18	24.60%
Intensity of	Intensive	102	51.70%	53	71.60%	23	46.00%	26	35.60%	a
induction therapy	Less-intensive	56	28.40%	13	17.50%	19	38.00%	24	32.80%
	BSC	39	19.70%	8	10.80%	8	16.00%	23	31.50%

^aP < 0.05 vs total. F: Favorable; I: Intermediate; U: Unfavorable; WBC: White blood cell; NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; SWOG: Southwest Oncology Group; CALGB: Cancer and Leukemia Group B; LDH: Lactase dehydrogenase.

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting survival in non-acute promyelocytic leukemia patient

Risk factors
Chromosomal abnormality	NCCN	SWOG	CALGB
	HR (95%CI) P	HR (95%CI) P	HR (95%CI) P
Age in years	0.031	0.043	0.026
≤ 64	1	1	1
65-74	1.33 (1.06-1.58)	1.39 (1.13-1.64)	1.40 (1.15-1.66)
≥ 75	1.88 (1.59-2.04)	1.82 (1.60-2.05)	1.91 (1.67-2.13)
Performance status	0.012	0.028	0.019
0-2	1	1	1
3-4	1.94 (1.15-3.26)	1.80 (1.06-3.05)	1.88 (1.11-3.20)
Intensity of induction therapy	0.041	0.029	0.027
Intensive, less-intensive	1	1	1
Best supportive care	1.74 (2.02-2.96)	1.80 (1.06-3.07)	1.83 (1.07-3.14)
Antecedent hematological disease	0.007	0.007	0.004
No	1	1	1
Yes	1.92 (1.20-3.08)	1.90 (1.19-3.05)	2.03 (1.25-3.27)
Chromosomal abnormality	0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Favorable, intermediate	1	1	1
Unfavorable	1.98 (1.31-2.99)	1.44 (0.55-3.78)	1.56 (0.63-3.87)

NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network practice guidelines in oncology- v.2.2010; SWOG: Southwest Oncology Group; CALGB: Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

Table 3 Detailed information regarding karyotype categories according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B classifications

Category	Favorable	Intermediate	Unfavorable	Category not recognized
NCCN	t(8;21)	+8, t(9;11), -X, -Y, -6, +1, +4, +7, +11, +13, +21, del(9), del(20), add(12), add(16), add(17), inv(3), t(1;16), t(3;21), t(8;18), t(8;20), t(11;16), t(11;17)	–5, del(5q), -7, non-t(9;11) abn11q23, inv(3), t(9;22), complex karyotype ≥ 3	-
SWOG	t(8;21)	-Y, +8	abn(3q), -5, -7, t(9;22), abn(9q), abn(11q), abn(17p), abn(20q), abn(21q), complex karyotype ≥ 3	t(9;11), -X, -6, +1, +4, +7, +11, +13, +21, add(12), add(16), inv(3), t(1;16), t(3;21), t(8;18), t(8;20)
CALGB	t(8;21), del(9q)	-Y, del(5q), t(9;11), +11, del(11q), abn(12p), +13, del(20q), +21	inv(3), -7, +8, complex karyotype ≥ 3	-X, -6, +1, +4, +7, add(12), add(16), add(17), t(1;16), t(3;21), t(8;18), t(8;20), t(11;16), t(11;17)

NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; SWOG: Southwest Oncology Group; CALGB: Cancer and Leukemia Group B.