Perioperative blood management strategies for patients undergoing total knee replacement: Where do we stand now?

Table 1 Three pillars of patient’s blood management and saving

Pre-operative	Intra-operative	Post-operative
Detection of anaemia and iron deficiency treatment	MIS and navigated MIS TKA	Compression and cryotherapy
Erythropoietin	Tourniquet	Limb position
Perioperative management of antiplatelet agents	Hypotensive epidural anesthesia	Post-operative cell saving
Transfusion protocol agreement	Acute normovolemic haemodilution	Drainage clamping
Pre-operative autologous blood donation	Antifibrinolytic agents
	Topical fibrin sealants
	Intra-operative cell salvage
	Peri/intra-articular (bupivacaine and epinephrine) injections
	Bipolar vs monopolar sealant
	Platelet-rich plasma
	Bone wax
	Sealing femoral tunnel

MIS: Minimally invasive; TKA: Total knee arthroplasty.