Spinal alignment evolution with age: A prospective gait analysis study

Table 1 Optoelectronic markers placement following anatomical landmarks according to Blondel et al[13] gait analysis protocol

Parameters
Head	Vertex: 1
	Nasion: 1
	Tragus: 2
Trunk - thorax	Acromion: 2
	Manubrium: 1
	Xiphoid: 1
	C7: 1
	T6: 1
	T9: 1
Trunk - abdomen	T12: 1
	L3: 1
	S1: 1
Pelvis	ASIS: 2
Lower limbs - thighs	Femoral shaft: 2
	Lateral femoral condyle: 2
Lower limbs - legs	Tibial shaft: 2
	Lateral malleolus: 2
Lower limb - feet	Calcaneus: 2
	2nd metatarsal head: 2

Table 2 Kinematic parameters measured during gait analysis

	Frontal	Sagittal	Transversal
Overall balance		SVA Ad
Shoulders			APA
Thoracic spine		TA
Lumbar spine		LA
Pelvis		Pelvic version
Lower limbs	Knee Varus/valgus	Hip flex/ext
		Knee flex/ext

SVA: Sagittal vertical axis; APA: Angle pelvis-acromion; TA: Thoracic angle; LA: Lumbar angle.

Table 3 Kinetic parameters measured during gait analysis

	Frontal moments	Sagittal moments	Transversal moments
Thoracolumbar junction	Lateral bending	Flexion-extension	Torsion
Lumbosacral junction	Lateral bending	Flexion-extension	Torsion

Table 4 Details of demographic and anthropometric data

Subject No.	Sex	Age (yr)	Height (cm)	Weight (kg)	Lower limb length (cm)		Knee diameter (cm)		Ankle diameter (cm)
					Right	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left
1	F	3.3	880	11	420	420	55	55	45	45
2	F	3.4	1060	17	510	510	80	80	60	60
3	M	3.9	935	14	500	500	70	70	44	44
4	F	3.9	1050	19	520	520	80	80	60	60
5	M	4.1	1080	18	550	550	70	70	50	50
6	F	4.6	1090	16	650	650	50	50	45	45
7	F	5.8	1135	19	570	570	70	70	50	50
8	M	6.1	1150	19	575	575	80	80	60	60
9	F	7.0	1345	27	670	670	90	90	65	65
10	F	7.2	1200	21	570	570	70	70	50	50
11	F	7.4	1160	21	585	585	80	80	60	60
12	M	7.7	1370	34	730	730	110	110	70	70
13	F	7.7	1300	31	680	680	95	95	70	70
14	F	7.8	1280	26	650	650	90	90	70	70
15	M	8.0	1340	27	680	680	90	90	70	70
16	M	8.1	1330	28	685	685	95	95	65	65
17	M	8.5	1360	33	710	710	90	90	55	55
18	M	8.8	1400	40	720	720	110	110	70	70
19	F	8.9	1380	37	720	720	100	100	65	65
20	M	9.1	1320	24	680	680	80	80	60	60
21	M	9.2	1420	26	750	760	55	55	50	50
22	F	9.3	1524	38	820	820	100	100	65	65
23	M	9.5	1395	36	750	750	110	105	65	65
24	F	10.0	1360	29	710	710	70	70	55	55
25	F	10.6	1370	39	740	740	95	95	60	60
26	F	10.8	1425	32	750	750	90	90	65	65
27	F	11.0	1530	41	810	810	105	105	70	70
28	M	11.1	1520	51	850	850	100	100	70	70
29	F	11.1	1463	47	740	740	105	105	70	70
30	F	11.3	1610	46	840	840	105	105	70	80
31	M	11.9	1390	34	700	700	85	85	60	60
32	F	12.5	1470	35	740	740	100	100	70	70
33	F	12.7	1570	54	900	900	115	110	75	70
34	F	13.9	1690	47	925	925	100	100	70	70
35	M	15.5	1650	48	830	830	85	85	65	65
36	M	15.6	1770	87	930	930	100	100	70	70