Return to physical activity after gastrocnemius recession

Table 1 Patient demographics

Demographic	Value
No. of patients	46
No. of feet/recessions	48
Age	Mean: 49.73 ± 18.59 yr
	Range: 21 to 83 yr
Gender	Female: 35
	Male: 13
Side of operation	Left: 25 (52.1%)
	Right: 23 (47.9%)
Follow-up months	Mean 32 ± 7.66 mo
	Range 24-60 mo

Table 2 Demographics of patients who successfully returned to preoperative level of physical activity and preoperative employment status

Halasi ankle activity score	No. of patients	Mean time to return to physical activity (mo)	Mean time to return to work (mo)
0	0	-	-
1	0	-	-
2	22	6.1	4.1
3	7	14.0	3.1
4	13	8.3	3.7
5	3	6.0	2.3
6	0	-	-
7	0	-	-
8	1	3.0	3.0
9	0	-	-
10	0	-	-
Total	46	7.5	3.6

Table 3 Summary of results (preoperative and 1-year postoperative)

Parameter	Preoperative Mean ± SD	1 yr post-op Mean ± SD	Improvements Mean ± SD	P-value
SF-36
Physical functioning	64.79 ± 27.58	84.58 ± 15.74	19.79 ± 26.74	< 0.001
Role limitations due to physical health	45.83 ± 41.68	84.38 ± 23.98	38.54 ± 42.83	< 0.001
Role limitation due to emotional problems	61.10 ± 44.21	89.92 ± 24.26	28.82 ± 51.32	< 0.001
Energy/fatigue	60.42 ± 18.24	65.63 ± 15.80	5.21 ± 14.95	0.02
Emotional well-being	74.00 ± 16.46	74.04 ± 17.40	0.04 ± 18.46	0.988
Social functioning	74.79 ± 21.23	96.25 ± 7.20	21.46 ± 22.51	< 0.001
Pain	60.78 ± 21.38	91.30 ± 12.48	30.52 ± 24.17	< 0.001
General health	68.33 ± 18.73	73.27 ± 17.25	4.94 ± 13.37	0.014
AOFAS Hindfoot Score	71.60 ± 18.89	91.79 ± 7.24	20.19 ± 19.89	< 0.001
Modified Olerud and Molander score
Pain	13.23 ± 6.32	22.19 ± 4.72	8.96 ± 6.99	< 0.001
Stiffness	6.56 ± 4.15	8.44 ± 2.76	1.88 ± 4.33	0.004
Swelling	7.60 ± 3.57	8.54 ± 2.91	0.94 ± 4.46	0.152
Stair climbing	6.67 ± 2.79	8.33 ± 2.60	1.67 ± 3.15	0.001
Running	1.56 ± 2.34	2.29 ± 2.52	0.73 ± 1.78	0.007
Jumping	2.19 ± 2.51	2.92 ± 2.49	0.73 ± 2.06	0.018
Squatting	4.38 ± 1.67	4.48 ± 1.54	0.10 ± 1.93	0.71
Supports	7.92 ± 3.69	8.85 ± 2.78	0.94 ± 3.67	0.083
Activities of daily life	0.00 ± 0.00	17.08 ± 4.59	17.08 ± 4.59	< 0.001
Total	50.10 ± 15.89	83.13 ± 15.73	33.02 ± 18.09	< 0.001
VAS	5.00 ± 2.38	1.21 ± 1.79	3.79 ± 2.60	< 0.001

VAS: Visual analogue score; AOFAS: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society.

Table 4 Summary of results (1-year postoperative and 2-year postoperative)

Parameter	1 yr postoperative Mean ± SD	2 yr postoperative Mean ± SD	Improvements Mean ± SD	P-value
SF-36
Physical functioning	84.58 ± 15.74	87.08 ± 14.40	19.79 ± 26.74	0.144
Role limitations due to physical health	84.38 ± 23.98	88.13 ± 23.58	38.54 ± 42.83	0.169
Role limitation due to emotional problems	89.92 ± 24.26	90.26 ± 18.16	28.82 ± 51.32	0.880
Energy/fatigue	65.63 ± 15.80	63.85 ± 15.51	5.21 ± 14.95	0.290
Emotional well-being	74.04 ± 17.40	76.02 ± 13.50	0.04 ± 18.46	0.274
Social functioning	96.25 ± 7.20	95.63 ± 9.07	21.46 ± 22.51	0.566
Pain	91.30 ± 12.48	92.43 ± 13.72	30.52 ± 24.17	0.401
General health	73.27 ± 17.25	74.44 ± 18.23	4.94 ± 13.37	0.469
AOFAS Hindfoot Score	91.79 ± 7.24	93.48 ± 7.81	1.69 ± 5.83	0.051
Modified Olerud and Molander score
Pain	22.19 ± 4.72	22.71 ± 4.37	0.52 ± 2.36	0.133
Stiffness	8.44 ± 2.76	8.85 ± 2.58	0.42 ± 2.27	0.209
Swelling	8.54 ± 2.91	8.85 ± 2.36	0.31 ± 1.90	0.261
Stair climbing	8.33 ± 2.60	8.75 ± 2.19	0.42 ± 2.02	0.159
Running	2.29 ± 2.52	3.23 ± 2.42	0.94 ± 1.97	0.002a
Jumping	2.92 ± 2.49	3.23 ± 2.42	0.31 ± 1.90	0.261
Squatting	4.48 ± 1.54	4.48 ± 1.54	0.00 ± 1.03	1
Supports	8.85 ± 2.78	9.58 ± 1.74	0.73 ± 2.06	0.018a
Activities of daily life	17.08 ± 4.59	17.71 ± 3.85	0.63 ± 3.66	0.243
Total	83.13 ± 15.73	87.08 ± 15.74	3.96 ± 10.05	0.009a
VAS	1.21 ± 1.79	0.69 ± 1.72	0.52 ± 1.17	0.003a

^aDenotes significant P values. VAS: Visual analogue score; AOFAS: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society.