Osteitis pubis in elite athletes: Diagnostic and therapeutic approach

Table 1 Stages of osteitis pubis[11]

Stage	Clinical findings
I	Unilateral symptoms, inguinal pain in the adductor muscles, pain alleviation after warm-up, pain exacerbation after the training session
II	Bilateral symptoms, inguinal pain in the adductor muscles, pain exacerbation after the training session
III	Bilateral symptoms, inguinal pain involving the adductor and abdominal muscles, pain with kicking, sprinting, directional changes, etc., inability to continue sport participation
IV	Inguinal pain involving the adductor and abdominal muscles, pain referred to the pelvic girdle and lumbar spine with defecation, sneezing, and walking on uneven terrain, inability to perform activities of daily living

Table 2 Differential diagnosis of groin pain[1,11,16,21,22]

Pubic osteitis

Pubic osteomyelitis

Adductor tendinopathy

Sports hernia

Gilmore's groin

Hockey player's syndrome

Stress fracture

Avulsion fracture

Iliopsoas bursitis

Sacroiliac dysfunction

Hip pathology (Labral tears, snapping hip, femoroacetabular impingement, loose bodies, osteoarthritis, chondral damage, etc.)

Referred low back pain

Nerve compression

Genitourinary system disorders