Access related complications during anterior exposure of the lumbar spine

Table 1 Reported incidence of major vascular injury during anterior spinal surgery n (%)

Ref.	Year	n	Arterial injury	Venous injury
Fantini et al[1]	2007	345	1 (0.3)	9 (2.6)
Brau et al[2]	2004	1315	6 (0.5)	19 (1.4)
Kulkarni et al[3]	2003	336	8 (2.4)	NA
Gumbs et al[4]	2005	64	0	2 (3.1)
Fritzell et al[5]	2003	72	0	2 (3.7)
Holt et al[6]	2003	450	0	7 (1.6)
Kaiser et al[7]	2002	98	0	3 (3.1)
Oskouian et al[8]	2002	207	2 (0.9)	7 (3.4)
Kuslich et al[9]	1998	591	0	10 (1.7)

NA: Not available.