Reducing fluoroscopy in acromioclavicular joint reconstruction: Clinical value of the three-point positioning technique

Table 1 Strategies for reducing fluoroscopy exposure during acromioclavicular joint reconstruction

Strategy	Principle	Clinical benefit
Preoperative imaging planning	Evaluation of clavicle–coracoid anatomy	Improves tunnel trajectory planning
Anatomical surface landmarks	Identification of clavicular tunnel using external landmarks	Reduces fluoroscopic verification
Three-point positioning technique	Alignment of K-wire, clavicular tunnel, and guidewire	Enables accurate drilling with minimal fluoroscopy
Arthroscopic visualization	Direct coracoid visualization	Improves tunnel placement accuracy
Navigation-assisted surgery	Real-time guidance systems	Reduces fluoroscopy dependence
Surgical workflow optimization	Standardized operative steps	Shortens operative time and radiation exposure