Pulsed lavage in joint arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Main characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Methods	Participants		Mean age (SD)		Measured outcomes	Follow-up time
		PL	SL	PL	SL
Abdeldayem et al[24], 2018	Prospective randomized comparison	44	42	64, NA	64, NA	Knee society score, knee function score, radiolucent lines	12 months
Clarius et al[30], 2009	Prospective non-randomized comparison	54	46	63, NA	68, NA	Knee society score, knee function score, Oxford knee score, radiolucent lines	22 months
Mellema et al[28], 2011	Retrospective comparison	39	48	62; 9	55; 10	Rate of heterotopic ossification	14 months
Sneath et al[31], 2001	Prospective randomized comparison	48	46	71, NA	73, NA	Rate of heterotopic ossification	12 months

PL: Pulsed lavage; NA: Not available; SL: Standard lavage.

Table 2 Bias assessment of the included studies

Studies	Confounding bias	Selection bias	Classification bias	Bias due to deviation from interventions	Bias due to missing data	Bias in measurement of outcomes	Bias in selection of reported results	Results
Clarius et al[30], 2009	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Moderate risk	Low risk	Moderate risk
Mellema et al[28], 2011	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	low risk	Low risk	Low risk