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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Orthop. Feb 18, 2024; 15(2): 110-117
Published online Feb 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i2.110
Published online Feb 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i2.110
Type 1 acute traumatic injury | Type 2 degenerative injury |
Isolated central TFCC articular disk perforation | TFCC wear |
Peripheral ulnar-sided TFCC tear with or without ulnar styloid fracture | TFCC wear with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia |
Distal TFCC disruption (disruption of the distal ulno-carpal ligaments) | TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia |
Radial TFCC disruption with or without sigmoid notch fracture | TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia and with lunotriquetral ligament perforation |
TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia, lunotriquetral ligament perforation and ulno-carpal arthritis |
Clinical tests | Radiological tests |
Areas of tenderness | X-ray (AP and lateral view) |
Ulnar fovea sign | CT (rarely) |
Piano key test | MRI |
Ulnar grinding test | Wrist arthrogram |
Compression test | Wrist arthroscopy (gold standard) |
Ballottement test | |
ROM evaluation |
- Citation: Pace V, Bronzini F, Novello G, Mosillo G, Braghiroli L. Review and update on the management of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in professional athletes. World J Orthop 2024; 15(2): 110-117
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v15/i2/110.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i2.110