Plate vs reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures: The psychological health influence the choice of device?

Table 1 The range value of variables analyzed for the study group

Age (yr)	Female	Men
CLASS 1 (70-74)	30	1
CLASS 2 (75-80)	15	3
CLASS 3 (80-85)	13	1
Total	58	5

CLASS: Age class.

Table 2 Analysis of the fracture pattern

	Total	Three-part fractures	Four-part fractures
Number	63	41	22

Table 3 Analysis of distribution considering age class and fracture personality

	Age class (yr)
Neer classification	70-75	75-80	80-90
Three-part fractures	10	27	4
Four-part fractures	5	7	10

Table 4 Postoperative clinical and psychological mean values at T0 follow-up

	Group A	Group B
DASH	50.8	54.6
CONSTANT	36.1	32.0
GAD-7	5.4	6.4
CSS	5.0	6.2

DASH: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; CONSTANT: The Constant score; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; CSS: Caregiver Strain Scale.

Table 5 Description of clinical and psychological scores at T1 follow-up

	Group A	Group B
DASH	42.1	39.1
CONSTANT	47.3	43.2
GAD-7	4.3	5.7
CSS	3.9	5.5

DASH: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; CONSTANT: The Constant score; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; CSS: Caregiver Strain Scale.

Table 6 Analysis of clinical and psychological scores at T2 follow-up

	Group A	Group B
DASH	32.8	33.6
CONSTANT	60.0	52.9
GAD-7	3.2	4.3
CSS	3.1	4.5

DASH: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; CONSTANT: The Constant score; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; CSS: Caregiver Strain Scale.

Table 7 Group C clinical and psychological mean values at three different follow-ups

	DASH	CONSTANT	GAD-7	CSS
T0	51.1	33.2	5.9	5.7
T1	38.8	46.9	4.9	4.5
T2	29.9	65.5	3.1	3.0

DASH: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; CONSTANT: The Constant score, GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; CSS: Caregiver Strain Scale.

Table 8 Score distribution between treatment open reduction and internal fixation and PI

	TO			T1			T2
	O.R.I.F. (n = 31)	RSA (n = 32)	P value	O.R.I.F. (n = 31)	RSA (n = 32)	P value	O.R.I.F. (n = 31)	RSA (n = 32)	P value
DASH	50.0 (7.5)	57.5 (7.0)	0.002	45.0 (12.5)	36.5 (12.3)	0.256	30.0 (24.0)	32.0 (5.5)	0.587
CONSTANT	38.0 (7.5)	31.5 (6.0)	0.008	48.0 (19.0)	42.0 (7.3)	0.110	60.0 (31.0)	51.0 (5.8)	0.049
GAD-7	5.0 (2.5)	6.0 (2.3)	0.015	4.0 (2.5)	6.0 (2.0)	0.002	3.0 (3.0)	4.0 (1.3)	0.012
CSS	5.0 (2.0)	6.5 (2.3)	0.008	4.0 (2.5)	6.0 (1.3)	0.001	3.0 (2.5)	4.0 (2.3)	0.005

Data are median (Interquartile range). P values are from Wilcoxon rank sum test. O.R.I.F: Open reduction and internal fixation; RSA: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty; DASH: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; CONSTANT: The Constant score, GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; CSS: Caregiver Strain Scale.

Table 9 Comparison between surgical and conservative treatment

n = 32	T0	P value	T1	P value	T2	P value
DASH	53 (44.5)	0.344	39 (35)	0.421	30 (26)	0.014
CONSTANT	32 (30)	0.223	48.5 (42)	0.063	65.5 (60)	< 0.001
GAD-7	6 (5)	0.827	5 (3.3)	0.548	3 (2)	0.002
CSS	6 (5)	0.481	5 (3)	0.090	3 (2)	0.001

Data are median (Interquartile range) of conservative group. P values are from Wilcoxon rank sum test. DASH: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; CONSTANT: The Constant score, GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; CSS: Caregiver Strain Scale.