Safety and efficacy of surgical hip dislocation in managing femoral head fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Study design	Sample size	Age1, yr	Sex		Pipkin classification (I/II/III/IV)	Management		Implant	Follow up1, mo
				M	F		Fixation	Excision
Henle et al[11], 2007	Retrospective	12	39.8 (26-71)	10	2	1/3/0/8	12	0	Mini or small fragment cortical screws (2.0-2.7 mm) or Herbert screws or absorbable pins	31.1 (3-96)
Solberg et al[12], 2009	Retrospective	12	-	10	2	0/0/0/12	11	1	Headless variable-pitch screws or Herbert screws	47 (24-71)
Mostafa et al[13], 2014	Retrospective	12	-	-	-	12/0/0	12	0	Partially threaded cancellous screws or Herbert headless screws	31 (24-84)
Massè et al[14], 2015	Retrospective	13	34 (22-54)	11	2	5/2/0/6	13	0	2.7 mm nonabsorbable screws	77 (26-122)
Gavaskar et al[15], 2015	Prospective	28	-	-	-	6/22/0/0	26	2	2.4 mm headless screws (Synthes-India).	36 (25-46)
Wang et al[16], 2019	Prospective	12	39.9 ± 12.2	8	4	4/3/0/5	12	0	3.2 mm Herbert screws or partially threaded screws	35 (25-48)
Engel et al[17], 2020	Retrospective	7	39.57 (17-64)	4	3	0/0/0/7	6	1	Buried headless screw	29.8 (11.6-67.2)
Rana et al[18], 2020	Retrospective	6	42 (32-54)	4	2	-	6	0	Herbert (headless) screw	10.8 (8-18)
Khalifa et al[19], 2020	Retrospective	27	33.8 (18-45)	21	6	6/13/0/8	27	0	4 mm partially threaded cancellous screws or Herbert headless screws	48 (24-72)

¹Data are presented as mean ± SD or mean (range). M: Male; F: Female.

Table 2 Operation time and blood loss (six studies)

Ref.	Operation time	Blood loss
Solberg et al[12], 2009	121.0 ± 28.3 (102-215)	350.00 ± 125.00 (250-750)
Mostafa et al[13], 2014	120.0 ± 19.7	283.00 ± 124.90
Massè et al[14], 2015	155.2 ± 53.1	1436.90 ± 663.80
Wang et al[16], 2019	124.2 ± 22.1	437.50 ± 113.10
Engel et al[17], 2020	NR	503.00 ± 181.25
Rana et al[18], 2020	90.0	450.00

NR: Not reported.

Table 3 Details of reoperation (eight studies)

Ref.	Indication of reoperation	Intervention
Henle et al[11], 2007	2 AVN	THA
	2 HO	Excision
Solberg et al[12], 2009	1 AVN	THA
Mostafa et al[13], 2014	1 AVN	THA
	1 TFO Nonunion	Revision of fixation
Massè et al[14], 2015	1 AVN	THA
	1 OA	THA
Gavaskar et al[15], 2015	1 Infection	Debridement
	1 Bursitis	Screw removal
Wang et al[16], 2019	1 AVN	THA
	1 HO	Excision
	1 TFO Nonunion	Revision of fixation
Engel et al[17], 2020	2 OA/ AVN	THA
	1 OA/HO	THA
	1 OA/Metal failure/Infection	Revision/Girdlestone/THA
Khalifa et al[19], 2020	2 AVN	THA
	1 OA	THA

AVN: Avascular necrosis; HO: Heterotopic ossification; THA: Total hip arthroplasty; OA: Osteoarthritis; TFO: Trochanteric flip osteotomy.