Predictors of clinical outcomes after non-operative management of symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Baseline characteristics
Age	63.85 ± 8.48
Male, n (%)	37 (62.71)
BMI	29.63 ± 5.58
CTI	4.77 ± 4.47
Diabetes, n (%)	5 (8.47)
Smoking, n (%)	4 (6.78)
Traumatic, n (%)	40 (67.8)
Duration > 1 yr, n (%)	17 (28.81)
Tangent sign, n (%)	21 (35.59)
Supra FI ≥ 2, n (%)	27 (45.76)
Infra FI ≥ 2, n (%)	21 (35.59)
Subscap FI ≥ 2, n (%)	20 (33.9)
ASES baseline	54.91 ± 20.85
SANE baseline	31.13 ± 25.39
WORCnorm baseline	46.05 ± 21.61
VAS pain baseline	50.13 ± 26.39

Except as noted, values are expressed as mean ± SD. BMI: Body mass index; CTI: Cuff tear index; FI: Fatty infiltration; ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; SANE: Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation; WORC norm: Normalized Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index; VAS: Visual analog scale.

Table 2 Change in outcome scores

	Baseline	Final follow-up	Change
WORCnorm	46.05 ± 21.61	63.58 ± 25.6	17.53 ± 6.87
ASES	54.91 ± 20.85	70.1 ± 25.03	15.19 ± 6.77
SANE	31.13 ± 25.39	59.4 ± 29.45	28.27 ± 7.41
VAS pain	50.13 ± 26.39	29.17 ± 26.68	-20.96 ± 7.28

Values are expressed as mean ± SD; WORCnorm: Normalized Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index; ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; SANE: Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation; VAS: Visual Analog Scale.

Table 3 Multivariable regression elimination analysis and for change in Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index score at 1 year and 2 year

	β	P value	95%CI
1 yr
Female gender	-19.88	0.003	-32.82 to -6.95
Smoking	-28.98	0.014	-51.9 to -6.05
Subscap FI ≥ 2	-15.35	0.024	-28.62 to -2.07
2 yr
Female gender	-19.09	0.015	-34.26 to -3.92

WORC: Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index; FI: Fatty infiltration; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Multivariable regression elimination analysis for change in Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index score at 1 year and 2 year

	β	P value	95%CI
1 yr
Duration > 1 yr	-14.63	0.052	-29.4 to 0.13
2 yr
Age	-0.82	0.08	-1.75 to 0.10
Traumatic	19.06	0.017	3.65 to 34.48

WORC: Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Change in Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index score at 2-year follow-up

	Mean	SD	95%CI
Traumatic	26.82	27.3	16.39 to 37.25
Atraumatic	9.45	19.06	-0.49 to 19.38
Duration < 1 yr	24.61	24.72	16.04 to 33.18
Duration > 1 yr	5.71	24.84	-11.01 to 22.44

WORC: Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index; CI: Confidence interval; SD: Standard deviation