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For: Nikolaou VS, Chytas D, Korres D, Efstathopoulos N. Vanishing bone disease (Gorham-Stout syndrome): A review of a rare entity. World J Orthop 2014; 5(5): 694-698 [PMID: 25405099 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i5.694]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v5/i5/694.htm
Number Citing Articles
1
Yuanyuan Jiang, Guozhu Hou, Wuying Cheng. 99mTc-SC lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT findings in a case report of Gorham–Stout disease presenting with chylothorax and bone painMedicine 2019; 98(14) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015023
2
Ajay Krishnan, Aditya Raj, Devanand Degulmadi, Shivanand Mayi, Raviranjan Rai, Shiv Kumar Bali, Vatsal Parmar, Prarthan Chirag Amin, Preety Krishnan, Mirant Dave, Bharat Dave. Gorham-Stout disease: A multirod lumbar reconstruction with off-label suppression-remission therapySurgical Neurology International 2022; 13 doi: 10.25259/SNI_221_2022
3
Aleksey Evsyukov, Murodzhon Kosimshoev, Yuliy Kubetskyi, Evgeniy Nikitenko, Jamil Rzaev. Surgical treatment of a patient with Gorham-Stout disease of craniovertebral junction: case report and literature reviewBritish Journal of Neurosurgery 2024; 38(4) doi: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1981244
4
H. Hasan Yeter. Gorham–Stout disease or new entity on the basis of vasculopathyAlexandria Journal of Medicine 2017; 53(2) doi: 10.1016/j.ajme.2016.03.006
5
Rohan Jagtap, Swati Gupta, Abdullah Lamfon, Axel Ruprecht, Benjamin Schlott, John Hardeman, Deeba Kashtwari. Gorham–Stout disease of the mandible: case report and review of literature of a rare type of osteolysisOral Radiology 2020; 36(4) doi: 10.1007/s11282-019-00417-x
6
Edgard El Chaar, Arthi M. Kumar. Practical Techniques in Periodontics and Implant Dentistry2022;  doi: 10.1002/9781119793588.ch4
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George H. Bourdages, Walter A. Hall. Lesions of the Scalp and Cranial Vault2025;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-88244-9_11
8
Andrea Angelini, Nicolò Mosele, Elisa Pagliarini, Pietro Ruggieri. Current concepts from diagnosis to management in Gorham–Stout disease: a systematic narrative review of about 350 casesEFORT Open Reviews 2022; 7(1) doi: 10.1530/EOR-21-0083
9
Nikolaos Tasis, Ioannis Tsouknidas, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Nassiopoulos, Dimitrios Filippou. Left Functional Pneumonectomy Caused by a Very Rare Giant Intrathoracic Cystic Lesion in a Patient with Gorham–Stout Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureCase Reports in Pulmonology 2018; 2018 doi: 10.1155/2018/2406496
10
Michela Rossi, Paola Sabrina Buonuomo, Giulia Battafarano, Antonella Conforti, Eda Mariani, Mattia Algeri, Simone Pelle, Matteo D’Agostini, Marina Macchiaiolo, Rita De Vito, Michaela Veronika Gonfiantini, Alessandro Jenkner, Ippolita Rana, Andrea Bartuli, Andrea Del Fattore. Dissecting the mechanisms of bone loss in Gorham-Stout diseaseBone 2020; 130 doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115068
11
Mario Edgar Tena-Sanabria, Larisa Yarindy Jesús-Mejenes, Gabriela Fuentes-Herrera, Félix Alejandro Álvarez-Martínez, Nora Patricia Victorio-García, Juan Carlos Núñez-Enríquez. A report of two children with Gorham-Stout diseaseBMC Pediatrics 2019; 19(1) doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1561-0
12
D. Charrette, C. Mulvihill, P. Brady. Dental management of lymphangiomatosis: case reportOral Surgery 2019; 12(4) doi: 10.1111/ors.12421
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Anasuya Guha, Petr Schalek, Martin Chovanec. Syndromes that predispose to epistaxisEuropean Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2019; 276(4) doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05310-1
14
J. Magré, M.S. Ramselaar, K. Willemsen, H. Weinans, T.P.C. Schlösser, M.C. Kruyt. Implementation of 3D printing technology for complex spine revision cases that require multilevel anterior spinal support: Over 5-year experience in six cases and costs assessmentBrain and Spine 2026; 6 doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2026.105929
15
Aiji Sato-Boku, Eisuke Kako, Megumi Harima, Jun Harada, Kazuya Sobue. Anesthetic Management for a Patient of Gorham’s Syndrome: The Vanishing Bone DiseaseOpen Journal of Anesthesiology 2017; 7(06) doi: 10.4236/ojanes.2017.76015
16
Shishir Murugharaj Suranigi, Abhay Harsh Kerketta, Pasupathy Palaniappan, Syed P Najimudeen. An interesting case of vanishing shoulderBMJ Case Reports 2018; 2018 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226768
17
Lisa B. E. Shields, Vasudeva G. Iyer, Yi Ping Zhang, Christopher B. Shields, Semonti Nandi. Radial Nerve Palsy as an Iatrogenic Complication of Shoulder Replacement Surgery With Significant Bone Loss of the Humerus Resembling Gorham–Stout Disease: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureCase Reports in Neurological Medicine 2025; 2025(1) doi: 10.1155/crnm/9969463
18
Rubens Gabriel Feijó Andrade, Ana Paula Vieira Fernandes Benites Sperb, Bruno Hochhegger, Osvaldo Andre Serafini, Simone Gianella Valduga. Gorham-Stout syndrome: the radiologic-pathologic correlation as a diagnostic pathway when bone is vanishingRadiologia Brasileira 2019; 52(2) doi: 10.1590/0100-3984.2017.0145
19
Neetu Bhari, Akash Agarwal, C. V. V. Asritha, Maitreyee Panda, Rahul Mahajan. Vascular MalformationsIndian Dermatology Online Journal 2024; 15(3) doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_633_23
20
Leonard E. Riley, Ali Ataya. Clinical approach and review of causes of a chylothoraxRespiratory Medicine 2019; 157 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.08.014
21
Michela Rossi, Ippolita Rana, Paola Sabrina Buonuomo, Giulia Battafarano, Viviana De Martino, Matteo D’Agostini, Ottavia Porzio, Cristiana Cipriani, Salvatore Minisola, Rita De Vito, Davide Vecchio, Michaela Veronika Gonfiantini, Alessandro Jenkner, Andrea Bartuli, Andrea Del Fattore. Stimulation of Treg Cells to Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis in Gorham-Stout DiseaseFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2021; 9 doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706596
22
Irene María López García, María Teresa Lorenzo Domínguez, Ana María Fernández Martínez, María Teresa Cuesta Marcos. Massive osteolysis in a patient with Gorham-Stout syndromeReumatología Clínica (English Edition) 2021; 17(8) doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2020.07.006
23
Daigo Shiraishi, Junya Shimizu, Makoto Emori, Yasutaka Murahashi, Ima Kosukegawa, Atsushi Teramoto. Gorham disease presenting as progressive osteolysis subsequent to a femoral neck fracture in a young patient: A rare case reportJOS Case Reports 2025; 4(3) doi: 10.1016/j.joscr.2025.01.001
24
Michela Rossi, Giulia Battafarano, Andrea Del Fattore. La malattia di Gorham-Stout: una rara forma di osteolisi progressivaL'Endocrinologo 2026; 27(3) doi: 10.1007/s40619-026-01797-z
25
Peng Wang, Wenbo Liao, Guangru Cao, Yongyan Jiang. A rare case of Gorham-stout syndrome involving the thoracic spine with progressive bilateral chylothorax: a case reportBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019; 20(1) doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2542-z
26
Image Quiz: Vanishing Bone DiseaseJBJS Journal of Orthopaedics for Physician Assistants 2018; 6(2) doi: 10.2106/JBJS.JOPA.17.00042
27
Oana O Bulaicon, Femke M van Haalen, Gavin P R Clunie, Corinna Grasemann, Willem F Lems, Polyzois Makras, Geert Mortier, Ralf Oheim, Adalbert Raimann, Heide Siggelkow, Gaia Tabacco, Robert J P van der Wal, Pieter B de Witte, Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra. The use of denosumab in rare bone diseases in adults: a systematic review from the ECTS Rare Bone Disease Action GroupThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2026; 111(7) doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgag154
28
Ernesto Solorzano, Andrew L. Alejo, Hope C. Ball, Gabrielle T. Robinson, Andrea L. Solorzano, Rama Safadi, Jacob Douglas, Michael Kelly, Fayez F. Safadi. The Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Secretome Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone FormationCells 2023; 12(20) doi: 10.3390/cells12202482
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Ina Sorge. Bildgebung des Thorax bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-57814-8_15
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Jürgen Becker, Cherim Jeon, Jörg Wilting. In vitro and in ovo characterization of Ewing sarcoma cell lines: Comparison with neuroblastoma cell lines and lymphatic endothelial cellsCellular Signalling 2025; 135 doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.112072
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Claudia Elera-Fitzcarrald, Manuel Francisco Ugarte-Gil. Gorham-Stout SyndromeJCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 2020; 26(5) doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001009
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Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Marta Mikulak, Marta Ludwisiak, Andrzej Lewinski. Difficult Therapeutic Decisions in Gorham-Stout Disease–Case Report and Review of the LiteratureInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022; 19(18) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811692
33
Santiago Forero Saldarriaga, Camilo Vallejo, Lizeth Urrea Pineda, Anderson Osma, Carlos Bonilla Gonzalez. Gorham-Stout Disease with Clinical Response to Sirolimus TreatmentEuropean Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine 2021; 8(8) doi: 10.12890/2021_002740
34
Ali Al Kaissi, Sami Bouchoucha, Mohammad Shboul, Vladimir Kenis, Franz Grill, Rudolf Ganger, Susanne Gerit Kircher. Massive Axial and Appendicular Skeletal Deformities in Connection with Gorham-Stout SyndromeMedicines 2019; 6(2) doi: 10.3390/medicines6020054
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Terrence Diamond, Cherie Chiang, Grahame J. Elder. Seeing beyond the surface: bone histomorphometry re-visited—implications for diagnostic pathologyPathology 2026; 58(2) doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.10.006
36
Mohammad Hassani, Mohammad Javad Shariyate, Shirin Taraz Jamshidi, Mohammad Hallaj Moghaddam , Farzad Omidi-Kashani. Vanishing Bone Syndrome; A Diagnosis Dilemma: Report of a Rare Case and Literature ReviewShafa Orthopedic Journal 2019; (In Press) doi: 10.5812/soj.86418
37
Shiro FUKUDA, Nanae MIYAKE, Hiroaki MATAYOSHI. Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Gorham-Stout Syndrome for Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt OperationYamaguchi Medical Journal 2017; 66(4) doi: 10.2342/ymj.66.225
38
Chloe Gui, Brett Rocos, Laura-Nanna Lohkamp, Angela Cheung, Robert Bleakney, Eric Massicotte. Utility of the spinal instability neoplastic score to identify patients with Gorham-Stout disease requiring spine surgerySurgical Neurology International 2021; 12 doi: 10.25259/SNI_311_2021
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Koen Willemsen, Razmara Nizak, Herke Jan Noordmans, René M Castelein, Harrie Weinans, Moyo C Kruyt. Challenges in the design and regulatory approval of 3D-printed surgical implants: a two-case seriesThe Lancet Digital Health 2019; 1(4) doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30067-6
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Inna G. Stroh, Lilangi S. Ediriwickrema, Neil R. Miller. Gorham–Stout Disease Presenting as Acute Unilateral ProptosisJournal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 2018; 38(1) doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000569
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Fjolla Hyseni, Valon Vokshi, Erisa Kola, Sawsan Fathma, Ali Guy, Fiona Bushati, Ilir Ahmetgjekaj, Diana Hla, Kristi Saliaj, Samar Ikram, Essa A. Mohamed, Ibrahim A. Bajwa, Fareeha Nasir, Juna Musa. The importance of computed tomography (CT) scans in the early diagnosis of Gorham-Stout Disease – A case reportRadiology Case Reports 2022; 17(3) doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.11.004
42
Vanessa Garcia, Gloria Alonso-Claudio, María Teresa Gómez-Hernández, Antonio-J Chamorro. Sirolimus en la enfermedad de Gorham-Stout. Caso clínicoColombia Medica 2016; 47(4) doi: 10.25100/cm.v47i4.2406
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Jonathan A. Perkins. Genomic and Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine2024;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822951-4.00014-X
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Vishal Jha, Aditi Jha. Unusual case of chylothorax with unilateral limb swellingBMJ Case Reports 2020; 13(2) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230379
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M. Rossi, S. Terreri, G. Battafarano, I. Rana, P. S. Buonuomo, L. Di Giuseppe, M. D’Agostini, O. Porzio, J. Di Gregorio, Cristiana Cipriani, A. Jenkner, M. V. Gonfiantini, A. Bartuli, A. Del Fattore. Analysis of circulating osteoclast and osteogenic precursors in patients with Gorham-Stout diseaseJournal of Endocrinological Investigation 2024; 47(11) doi: 10.1007/s40618-024-02365-8
46
P. G. Shnyakin, V. A. Khorzhevsky, I. I. Krasnitsky, A. V. Trubkin, A. O. Gavrilova. Clinical case of Gorham – Stoat syndromeСибирский научный медицинский журнал 2025; 45(1) doi: 10.18699/SSMJ20250120
47
Magda Zanelli, Maurizio Zizzo, Giovanni Martino, Alessandra Bisagni, Loredana De Marco, Stefano Ascani. Bone Marrow Biopsy Disclosing a Rare Osteolytic Disorder: Gorham-Stout SyndromeInternational Journal of Surgical Pathology 2020; 28(1) doi: 10.1177/1066896919844319
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Leevi A Toivonen, Marko H Neva, Thanos Sioris, Pia Isomäki, Saara Metso. Gorham–Stout disease with life-threatening pleural effusion treated with a pleuro-peritoneal shunt: a case reportEndocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports 2022; 2022 doi: 10.1530/EDM-21-0101
49
Shu-Zhong Liu, Xi Zhou, An Song, Yi-Peng Wang, Yong Liu. A Rare Case of Gorham–Stout Syndrome of Femur Treated with Cement AugmentationChinese Medical Journal 2018; 131(13) doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.235121
50
Min Liu, Weiwei Liu, Chunyan Qiao, Bing Han. Mandibular Gorham–Stout diseaseMedicine 2017; 96(42) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008184
51
LiQian Zhang, JianJian Li, Fei Yao, YiHao Chen, Shuo Zhang, Hao Lv, JueHua Jing. Treatment of gorham-stout disease with bisphosphonates and total hip arthroplasty: A case reportFrontiers in Surgery 2023; 10 doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1078869
52
Haagen D. Klaus, Niels Lynnerup. Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains2019;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809738-0.00005-3
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Rare Vascular Diseases: Scoping Review with ☸️SAIMSARASAIMSARA Journal 2026; 1(1) doi: 10.62487/saimsaraac7391aa
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Jonathan M. Bindi, Jack A. Will, John L. Crawford, Charles A. West, Johnathan S. Deitch. Radiation-induced arterial ischemia from the treatment of Gorham-Stout diseaseAnnals of Vascular Surgery - Brief Reports and Innovations 2024; 4(1) doi: 10.1016/j.avsurg.2024.100252
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Reema Padia, Kaitlyn Zenner, Randall Bly, James Bennett, Catherine Bull, Jonathan Perkins. Clinical application of molecular genetics in lymphatic malformationsLaryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 2019; 4(1) doi: 10.1002/lio2.241
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Bhanupriya Singh, Archana Gupta, Sonal Saran, Rajesh Botchu. Medical Radiology 2025;  doi: 10.1007/174_2025_640
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Zbigniew Rudzki, Richard Lovell, Ben Miller, Vidhya Murthy, Shankara Paneesha, Guy Pratt, Neil Smith. Fatal systemic angiomatosis with widespread sclerotic skeletal changes, diagnosed with the aid of a bone marrow biopsy: the lymphatics enter the bone marrowPolish Journal of Pathology 2018; 69(3) doi: 10.5114/pjp.2018.79552
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Paul E. Moore, Debra Boyer, Ryan Perkins, Eliot S. Katz, Maria L. Castro‐Codesal, Joanna E. MacLean, Nour Akil, Charles R. Esther, Jacob Kaslow, Toby C. Lewis, Katie A. Krone, Annabelle Quizon, Ryne Simpson, Dan Benscoter, David R. Spielberg, Ernestina Melicoff, Cadence A. Kuklinski, Joshua A. Blatter, Jamie Dy, Jordan S. Rettig, Amjad Horani, Jane Gross. American Thoracic Society 2019 Pediatric Core CurriculumPediatric Pulmonology 2019; 54(12) doi: 10.1002/ppul.24482
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Eiki Yamagishi, Akira Takeda, Shinichi Konno, Koichiro Takeda, Seita Hagino, Michiyuki Hakozaki. Gorham’s disease of the proximal tibia successfully treated with local administration of OK-432, followed by reconstruction with distraction osteogenesisJournal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B 2016; 25(1) doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000218
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T. Tassemeier, M. Haversath, D. Brandenburger, M. Schutzbach, S. Serong, M. Jäger. Atraumatische Frakturen der WirbelsäuleDer Orthopäde 2019; 48(10) doi: 10.1007/s00132-019-03804-8
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Mindy X. Wang, Serageldin Kamel, Khaled M. Elsayes, R. Paul Guillerman, Ahmed Habiba, Lauren Heng, Margarita Revzin, Vincent Mellnick, Ionela Iacobas, Alex Chau. Vascular Anomaly Syndromes in the ISSVA Classification System: Imaging Findings and Role of Interventional Radiology in ManagementRadioGraphics 2022; 42(6) doi: 10.1148/rg.210234
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G. Barbagli, I. Barni, S. Romoli. A rare case of spine disappearing bone disease: Lesson learned and review of the literatureInterdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2019; 17 doi: 10.1016/j.inat.2019.03.001
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Asil Esper, Sami Alhoulaiby, Areege Emran, Safwan Youssef, Zuheir Alshehabi. Gorham Stout disease: a case report from SyriaOxford Medical Case Reports 2021; 2021(1) doi: 10.1093/omcr/omaa121
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Jose R. Rodriguez-Vazquez, Srinivasa R. Chandra, Megan E. Albertson, Neil J. Hansen, Craig M. Johnson. Radiation-Induced Sarcoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT After Treatment of Gorham-Stout Disease of the MaxillaClinical Nuclear Medicine 2019; 44(11) doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002761
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Leila Galiay, François Simon, Raphaël Lévy, Vincent Couloigner, Jean Donadieu, Julie Toubiana, Thomas Blauwblomme, Roman Hossein Khonsari. Temporomandibular joint anomalies in pediatric craniofacial Gorham-Stout diseaseJournal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2018; 46(8) doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.05.014
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Akira Toga, Kota Watanabe, Satoshi Suzuki, Satoshi Nori, Osahiko Tsuji, Narihito Nagoshi, Eijiro Okada, Mitsuru Yagi, Nobuyuki Fujita, Masaya Nakamura, Morio Matsumoto. Gorham-Stout Disease Resulting in Spinal Deformity Treated by Fusion Surgery Combined With Everolimus TherapyJBJS Case Connector 2021; 11(1) doi: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.20.00296
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Maria José Franco-Barrera, Maria Guadalupe Zavala-Cerna, Georgina Aguilar-Portillo, Diana Brisa Sánchez-Gomez, Olivia Torres-Bugarin, Miguel Angel Franco-Barrera, Carlos Manuel Roa-Encarnacion. Gorham-Stout Disease: a Clinical Case Report and Immunological Mechanisms in Bone ErosionClinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 2017; 52(1) doi: 10.1007/s12016-016-8594-z
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Kripa Elizabeth Cherian, Nitin Kapoor, Thomas V. Paul. Vanishing Bone Disease of the Thoracic Cage: Challenges in the Management of a Rare EntityAACE Clinical Case Reports 2022; 8(2) doi: 10.1016/j.aace.2021.09.002
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Ivan David Lozada Marintez, Andres Llamas Nieves, Maria Bolaño Romero, Sandra Herrera Lomonaco. Correlación clínico-radiológica como primera ruta en el diagnóstico de Síndrome de Gorham-StoutCES Medicina 2020; 34(3) doi: 10.21615/cesmedicina.34.3.4
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Yasutomo Kumakura, Norio Hasuda, Kazuki Akita, Tetsuya Iijima, Takashi Matsukawa. Epidural Hematoma related to lower limb pain and massive liver bleeding in Gorham-Stout disease: A case reportMedicine 2023; 102(22) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033950
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Olivia Pagliarosi, Jessica Pepe, Andrea Del Fattore, Michela Rossi. Exploring the genetic alterations of Gorham-Stout diseaseFrontiers in Endocrinology 2025; 16 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1654497
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Wensheng Wang, Hua Wang, Xichao Zhou, Xing Li, Wen Sun, Michael Dellinger, Brendan F Boyce, Lianping Xing. Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Produce M-CSF, Causing Massive Bone Loss in MiceJournal of Bone and Mineral Research 2017; 32(5) doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3077
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Ozge Gulsum Illeez, Korhan Ozkan, Feyza Unlu Ozkan, Ali Burak Bostan, Fuat Akpinar, Bilge Bilgic, Ilknur Aktas. Zoledronic acidDer Orthopäde 2018; 47(12) doi: 10.1007/s00132-018-3655-z
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Harold Chen. Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling2017;  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2401-1_263
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Nguyen Minh Trang, Eun-Nam Kim, Gil-Saeng Jeong. Phloridzin Mitigates Gorham-Stout Disease by Dual Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis Related to the Ca2+ Signaling Pathway and Vascular ProliferationACS Omega 2025; 10(33) doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c04384
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Shoko Yoshimoto, Keisuke Takai, Koichi Takahashi, Toshio Yasui, Makoto Taniguchi. Intracranial hypotension and hypertension: reversible Chiari malformation due to dynamic cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in Gorham-Stout disease. Case reportJournal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 2018; 22(5) doi: 10.3171/2018.5.PEDS1859
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Ilir Ahmetgjekaj, Erisa Kola, Anusha Parisapogu, Fjolla Hyseni, Pooja Roy, Anid Hassan, Ina Kola, Hafsa Safeer Mian, Pooja Kumbha, Supti Dev Nath, Tias Saha, Zaina Syed, Saiyara Sheikh Shama, Jaclyn Tan Wohlers, Juna Musa. Gorham-Stout disease, a diagnosis of exclusionRadiology Case Reports 2022; 17(9) doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.06.016
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Juqin Xiang, Weiyang Zhong. The molecular mechanism of Gorham syndrome: an updateFrontiers in Immunology 2023; 14 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165091
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Harold Chen. Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling2014;  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6430-3_263-1
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Themis-Areti Andreoti, Friedrich G. Kapp, Jochen Rössler. Gefäßerkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen2025;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-68516-7_43
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Catherine E. de Keyser, Michael S. Saltzherr, Eelke M. Bos, M. Carola Zillikens. A Large Skull Defect Due to Gorham-Stout Disease: Case Report and Literature Review on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and TreatmentFrontiers in Endocrinology 2020; 11 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00037
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Sumit Arora, Abhishek Kashyap, Lalit Maini, Anjali Prakash, R. K. Saran. Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Clavicle Presenting as Radiological Disappearance of BoneAnnals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 2023; 59 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1764435
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Irene María López García, María Teresa Lorenzo Domínguez, Ana María Fernández Martínez, María Teresa Cuesta Marcos. Osteolisis generalizada en un paciente con síndrome de Gorham-StoutReumatología Clínica 2021; 17(8) doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2020.07.005
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Michael Nicholson, Danish Ahmad. Rare Pleural Diseases2026;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-14873-5_6
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Arun C. Kotaru, Ashok K. Rajput. Chylothorax From Gorham-Stout DiseaseJournal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology 2018; 25(4) doi: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000506
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Sean Stephens, Lisa Squires, Robert Campbell, Janene Davies, Raymond Chaseling. Multifocal Gorham-Stout disease associated with Chiari I malformation and recurrent aseptic meningitis: Case report and review of literatureJournal of Clinical Neuroscience 2020; 72 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.033
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Min-Hyuk Yu, Dongho Hyun, Sun-Hye Shin, Sang-Yun Ha. Role of Lymphatic Embolization in Chylothorax Associated with Gorham–Stout Disease: A Case ReportJournal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2024; 85(2) doi: 10.3348/jksr.2023.0044
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Sho Masuda, Hirotsugu Ohashi, Yukihide Minoda, Makoto Ieguchi, Kentaro Inui, Hidetomi Terai. Massive Osteolysis of the Femur (Gorham-Stout Disease) Requiring Total Femur ReplacementJBJS Case Connector 2025; 15(3) doi: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.25.00075
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Sheila Hickmann, Vanessa Barrili Busato, Romulo Gomes da Silveira, Pedro Guilherme Schaefer, Markus Bredemeier. A patient with a mediastinal mass and diffuse asymptomatic osteolytic lesionsRheumatology 2019; 58(7) doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key381
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Brenda T. Wu, Rebecca Stein-Wexler, Su-Ting T. Li. Chest Mass in a Newborn InfantPediatrics In Review 2022; 43(1) doi: 10.1542/pir.2020-0058
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Cinzia Aurilia, Gaia Palmini, Simone Donati, Irene Falsetti, Teresa Iantomasi, Maria Luisa Brandi. Gorham-Stout diseaseInternational Journal of Bone Fragility 2023; 3(2) doi: 10.57582/IJBF.230302.065
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Shuzhong Liu, Xi Zhou, An Song, Xiangyi Kong, Yipeng Wang, Yong Liu. Successful treatment of Gorham–Stout syndrome in the spine by vertebroplasty with cement augmentationMedicine 2018; 97(29) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011555
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Kyle Stiefel, Pooja Gangwani, Darren Cox, Antonia Kolokythas. Ill-defined extensive radiolucent lesion of the left posterior mandibleOral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2022; 133(2) doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.06.015
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Alina Momanu, Lavinia Caba, Nicoleta Carmen Gorduza, Oana Elena Arhire, Alina Delia Popa, Victor Ianole, Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza. Gorham-Stout Disease with Multiple Bone Involvement—Challenging Diagnosis of a Rare Disease and Literature ReviewMedicina 2021; 57(7) doi: 10.3390/medicina57070681
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