Pheochromocytoma and stress cardiomyopathy: Insight into pathogenesis

Table 1 Patient demographics

	n = 18
Age (yr)	54.33 ± 19.30
Female gender (n, %)	11 (61.1)
Hypertension (n, %)	12 (66.7)
Acute hypertension (n, %)	6 (33.3)
DM (n, %)	5 (27.8)
HLD (n, %)	4 (22.2)
CAD (n, %)	1 (5.6)
Migraine (n, %)	2 (11.1)

DM: Diabetes mellitus; HLD: Hyperlipidemia; CAD: Coronary artery disease.

Table 2 Tumor characteristics

	n (%)
Left	9 (50)
Right	4 (22.2)
Bilateral	1 (5.6)
Extra-adrenal	2 (11.1)
Metastatic	2 (11.1)
Size (range) (c.c.)	15.63-3025
Incidental diagnosis	14 (77.8)
Open adrenalectomy	9/17 (52.9)

Table 3 Plasma catecholamine secretion

(n) (lab normal, pg/mL)	Mean ± SD (ρg/mL)
Epi (7/18) (< 99)	873.86 ± 2074.92
NE (7/18) (< 339)	4121.43 ± 4833.55
NM (10/18) (< 111)	1506.1 ± 1856.72
Meta (9/18) (< 60)	1065.33 ± 1668.24

Epi: Epinephrine; NE: Norepinephrine; NM: Normetanephrine; Meta: Metanephrine.

Table 4 Urine catecholamine excretion

(n) (lab normal, υg/24 h)	Mean ± SD (υg/ 24 h)
NE (11/18) (< 140)	1099.27 ± 1233.70
Epi (11/18) (< 24)	307.73 ± 520.34
Dopa (11/18) (< 610)	377.91 ± 239.94
NM (9/18) (< 1050)	12960.67 ± 15197.26
Meta (10/18) (< 640)	22030.4 ± 40060.17
VM (6/18) (< 6.7 mg/dL)	3498.17 ± 8380.88

Epi: Epinephrine; NE: Norepinephrine; NM: Normetanephrine; Meta: Metanephrine; Dopa: Dopamine; VM: Vanillylmandelic acid.

Table 5 Echo and electrocardiograms findings of study cohort

	n (%)
Echo available	12
LV dysfunction	3/12 (25)
LVEF (%) (mean ± SD)	50 ± 16.88
Prior LV dysfunction	1/12 (8.3)
Asymmetric hypertrophy with mitral SAM	2/12 (16.67)
LVH	7/12 (58.3)
LVH on ECG	2/18 (11.1)
Prolonged QTc	5/18 (27.78)

QTc prolongation defined as > 440 ms in males; > 460 ms in females. LV: Left ventricle; LVH: Left ventricle hypertrophy; LVEF: LV ejection fraction; SAM: Systolic anterior motion; ECG: Electrocardiogram.