Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Table 1 Summary of major risk scores utilised in percutaneous coronary intervention

Risk score	Type	Population	No of patients	Outcomes	No of variables	Validation	c- statistic	Ref.
GRACE	Clinical	NSTEMI, STEMI	85771	In hospital and 6 mo mortality (8.6% and 12.9%)	7	FAST-AMI	0.8 and 0.8	[21]
GRACE – 2	Clinical	NSTEMI, STEMI	32037	1 and 3 yr mortality	8	FAST AMI	0.82 and 0.82	[22]
GUSTO -1	Clinical	STEMI	41021	30 d to 1 yr mortality (2.9%)	7	MINAP	0.8 at 30 d 0.75 at 1 yr	[21,23]
SRI	Clinical	STEMI	100686	30 d mortality	3	In time II/MINAP	0.79	[21,24]
TIMI	Clinical	STEMI	14114	30 d mortality	10	External with TIMI-9 trial	0.746	[25]
CADILLAC	Clinical	STEMI	2082	1 yr mortality	7	Stent– PAMI (900 patients, internal)	0.78	[26]
APEX - AMI	Clinical	STEMI	5745	90 d mortality	7	Internal (no external)	0.81	[27]
EMMACE	Clinical	All MI	100686	30 d mortality	3	Internal	0.78	[28]
SYNTAX	Angiographic	NSTEMI CSA		5 yr mortality	n/a	LEADERS trial	0.62	[29-33]
Clinical SYNTAX	Clinical and angiographic	NSTEMI CSA	512	5 yr mortality	Syntax score and modified ACEF score	LEADERS trial	0.69	[29]
EURO Heart	Clinical and angiographic	ACS and STEMI	23032	In-hospital mortality	16	Internal	0.89	[34]
MINAP (reference)				30 d to 1 yr mortality (5.0%)

GRACE: Global registry of acute coronary events; FAST-AMI: French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST elevation MI; GUSTO: Global utilisation of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) for Occluded coronary arteries; SRI: Simple risk index; TIMI: Thrombolysis in acute myocardial Infarction; CADILLAC: Controlled abciximab and device investigation to lower late angioplasty complications trial; APEX: Ami assessment of pexelizumab in acute myocardial infarction trial; EMMACE: Evaluation of methods and management of acute coronary events; SYNTAX: Synergy between pci with taxus and cardiac surgery trial; CSA: Chronic stable angina; ACEF: Age, creatinine, ejection fraction score; LEADERS: Limus eluted from a durable versus erodable stent coating trial.