Interferon-γ and other inflammatory mediators in cardiomyocyte signaling during Chagas disease cardiomyopathy

Table 1 Cytokine and chemokine expression in Chagas disease and animal models[80]

Cytokines/chemokines	Phase (acute /chronic/IND /severe/moderate CCC)	Host (mouse/human)	Organ/cell type	Ref.
IFN-γ	Severe CCC	Human	Mononuclear cells	[15,49]
IFN-γ	Severe CCC	Human	Myocardium	[63,64]
IFN-γ	Severe CCC	Human	Heart-infiltrating T cells	[15]
IFN-γ	IND, Severe CCC	Human	Plasma	[15,65,66]
TNF-α	Severe CCC	Human	Mononuclear cells	[15,49]
TNF-α	Severe CCC	Human	Heart-infiltrating T cells	[15]
TNF-α	Severe CCC	Human	Myocardium	[63,64]
TNF-α	IND and Severe CCC	Human	plasma	[15,65,66]
IFN-γ	Acute/chronic	Mouse	Heart	[67-69]
TNF-α	Acute/chronic	Mouse	Heart	[70]
IL-6	Severe CCC	Human	Heart-infiltrating T cells	[15,63,64]
IL-2	Severe CCC	Human	Heart-infiltrating T cells	[15,63,64]
IL-4	Severe CCC	Human	Heart-infiltrating T cells	[15,63,64]
IL-10	Severe CCC	Human	Heart-infiltrating T cells	[15, 63, 64]
IL-7	Severe CCC	Human	Myocardium	[71]
IL-15	Severe CCC	Human	Myocardium	[71]
IL-12	Acute	Mouse	Mononuclear cells	[72]
IL-18	Acute	Mouse	Mononuclear cells	[73]
IL-10	Acute	Mouse	Mononuclear cells	[74-76]
TGF-β	Acute	Mouse	Mononuclear cells	[74-76]
IL-17	Chronic	Mouse	Mononuclear cells	[77]
CCL2, CXCL10, CXCL9 (mRNA)	Severe CCC	Human	Myocardium	[8]
CCR2, CXCR3 (mRNA)	Severe CCC	Human	Myocardium	[8]
CCR5, CXCR3	Severe CCC, IND	Human	Mononuclear cells	[48]
CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10	Chronic	Mouse	Cardiomyocytes	[35]
CCR5	Chronic	Mouse	Heart	[43,78]
CCL5, CCL4, CXCR3 (mRNA)	Chronic	Dog	Heart	[79]

CCC: Cardiomyopathy; INF: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.