Prognostic value of increased carbohydrate antigen in patients with heart failure

doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i4.205

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Cardiol. Apr 26, 2014; 6(4): 205-212
Published online Apr 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i4.205

Table 1 Baseline characteristics by carbohydrate antigen 125 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide class

Variable	CA125 < 60	CA125 > 60	CA125 < 60	CA125 > 60	P
	NT-proBNP < 3100	NT-proBNP < 3100	NT-proBNP > 3100	NT-proBNP > 3100
	(n = 95, 61%)	(n = 17, 11%)	(n = 24, 15%)	(n = 20, 13%)
Male	55 (58%)	11 (65%)	19 (79%)	14 (70%)	0.240
Age	71 ± 12	69 ± 10	76 ± 12	73 ± 15	0.309
Hypertension	73 (77%)	10 (59%)	18 (75%)	14 (70%)	0.471
Diabetes	38 (40%)	7 (41%)	11 (46%)	8 (40%)	0.964
Dyslipidemia	46 (48%)	5 (29%)	11 (46%)	7 (35%)	0.406
Atrial fibrillation	47 (49%)	9 (53%)	17 (71%)	11 (55%)	0.316
NYHA class II	85 (89%)	7 (41%)	13 (54%)	11 (55%)	< 0.001
NYHA class III	10 (11%)	10 (59%)	11 (46%)	9 (45%)	< 0.001
HF Etiology
Hypertension	26 (27%)	1 (6%)	5 (21%)	3 (15%)	0.212
Ischemic heart disease	30 (32%)	7 (41%)	8 (33%)	9 (45%)	0.641
Dilated cardiomyopathy	8 (8%)	2 (12%)	1 (4%)	2 (10%)	0.768
Valve heart disease	15 (16%)	5 (29%)	4 (17%)	5 (25%)	0.439
Congenital	0 (0%)	1 (6%)	1 (4%)	1 (5%)	0.058
Others	16 (17%)	1 (6%)	5 (21%)	0 (0%)	0.110
Systolic BP (mmHg)	129 ± 18	118 ± 20	119 ± 21	114 ± 12	0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	74 ± 12	67 ± 8	73 ± 14	71 ± 9	0.156
LVEF (%)	51 ± 16	46 ± 16	46 ± 22	38 ± 18	0.015
LVDD (mm)	54 ± 8	52 ± 9	56 ± 13	57 ± 11	0.290
LAD (mm)	49 ± 9	49 ± 9	51 ± 9	54 ± 12	0.184
IVS (mm)	12 ± 3	12 ± 2	13 ± 3	11 ± 3	0.158
LVPW (mm)	11 ± 2	10 ± 2	11 ± 2	10 ± 2	0.461
Na⁺ (mEq/dL)	140 ± 3	138 ± 4	140 ± 4	139 ± 5	0.227
K⁺ (mEq/dL)	4.2 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.7	4.2 ± 0.5	0.453
GF (mL/min per 1.73 m²)	61 ± 20	62 ± 16	49 ± 22	53 ± 20	0.029
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	131 ± 20	118 ± 25	126 ± 21	129 ± 24	0.111

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; HF: Heart failure; LVDD: Left ventricular diastolic diameter; LAD: Left auricular diameter; IVS: Interventricular septum; LVPW: Left ventricular posterior wall; BP: Blood pressure; Na: Sodium; K: Potassium; GF: Glomerular filtration; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

Table 2 Univariate analysis, variables significantly associated with mortality or need for urgent cardiac transplantation

Variable	Deaths	Alive	P
Age	78 ± 12	70 ± 12	0.004
LVEF (%)	53 ± 16	47 ± 17	0.08
IVS (mm)	13.7 ± 3.4	11.9 ± 2.5	0.005
LA (mm)	54 ± 12	49 ± 9	0.01
GF (MDRD)	46 ± 18	61 ± 19	0.0001
Hemoglobin (g/L)	121 ± 21	130 ± 21	0.02
Na⁺ (mEq/mL)	140 ± 4	139 ± 3	0.54
K⁺ (mEq/mL)	4.3 ± 0.6	4.2 ± 0.5	0.54
Systolic BP (mmHg)	120 ± 19	125 ± 19	0.24
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	70 ± 12	73 ± 12	0.25
CA125 (KU/L)	94 ± 121	45 ± 78	0.01
NT-proBNP (pg/dL)	6613 ± 8437	2326 ± 2823	0.02
AF (%)	71	50	0.05
NYHA class III (%)	70	30	0.03

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; IVS: Interventricular septum; LA: Left atrial; GF: Glomerular filtration; Na: Sodium; K: Potassium; BP: Blood pressure; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; AF: Atrial fibrillation; NYHA: New York Heart Association; MDRD: Modification of diet in renal disease.

Table 3 Univariate analysis, variables significantly associated with need for hospitalization for decompensated heart failure

	Hospitalization	No hospitalization	P
LVEF (%)	48 ± 18	49 ± 17	0.7
IVS (mm)	12 ± 3	11 ± 3	0.14
LA (mm)	50 ± 9	48 ± 10	0.15
GF (MDRD)	56 ± 19	64 ± 21	0.01
Hemoglobin (g/L)	127 ± 22	132 ± 20	0.16
Na⁺ (mEq/mL)	139 ± 3.7	140 ± 3.6	0.4
K⁺ (mEq/mL)	4.2 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.6	0.3
Systolic BP (mmHg)	124 ± 18	125 ± 20	0.9
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	73 ± 11	72 ± 13	0.7
CA125 (KU/L)	58 ± 85	34 ± 61	0.01
NT-proBNP (pg/dL)	3431 ± 4792	2031 ± 3234	0.03
AF (%)	61	39	0.01
NYHA class III (%)	97	3	0.0001

Table 4 Multivariate analysis for global mortality

	HR	95%CI	Sig
Cox-model 1 variable
NT-proBNP (3100 ng/L)	4.95	2.11-11.62	< 0.001
Cox-model 2 variable
CA125 (60 KU/L)	3.32	1.50-7.37	0.003
Cox-model 2 variable
CA125 < 60 NT-proBNP < 3100	1
CA125 > 60 NT-proBNP < 3100	2.49	0.65-9.53	0.18
CA125 < 60 NT-proBNP > 3100	4.15	1.41-12.24	< 0.01
CA125 > 60 NT-proBNP > 3100	8.95	3.11-25.73	< 0.001

Adjusted by propensity scores of NT-proBNP > 3100 ng/L and CA125 > 60 KU/L categories. CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

Citation: Méndez AB, Ordoñez-Llanos J, Ferrero A, Noguero M, Mir T, Mora J, Bayes-Genis A, Mirabet S, Cinca J, Roig E. Prognostic value of increased carbohydrate antigen in patients with heart failure. World J Cardiol 2014; 6(4): 205-212
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v6/i4/205.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v6.i4.205