Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2013: Current speculations and future perspectives

Table 1 Risk factors for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Established risk markers	Risk modifiers or novel risk factors
Prior resuscitated cardiac arrest (VF, sustained VT)	LGE in MRI
MWT > 30 mm	Marked LVOTO
FH of SCD	Severe or multiple sarcomeric mutations
Syncope	Certain phenotypic expressions: Apical aneurysms, midventricular obstruction
NSVT	Severe systolic or diastolic impairment, e.g., burnt out HCM, restrictive pattern
ABPR	CAD
	Arrhythmic substrate: Atrial fibrillation

VF: Ventricular Fibrillation; VT: Ventricular tachycardia; MWT: Maximum Wall thickness; FH: Family history; SCD: Sudden cardiac death; NSVT: Non sustained ventricular tachycardia; ABPR: Abnormal blood pressure response to exercise; LGE: Late Gadolinium Enhancement; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; LVOTO: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; CAD: Coronary artery disease; HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.