Assessment of right ventricular afterload by pressure waveform analysis in acute pulmonary hypertension

Table 1 Hemodynamic data (mean ± SD, n = 6)

	CTL	PPH	APH
Pm (mmHg)	14.8 ± 1.8	21.9 ± 2.7a	21.2 ± 2.9c
Pp (mmHg)	7.5 ± 2.4	17.8 ± 4.7a	11.8 ± 3.5ac
PF (mL/s)	32.7 ± 5.0	36.4 ± 6.0	35.5 ± 5.4
HR (beats/min)	110 ± 23	111 ± 28	105 ± 19
ZO (dyne.s/cm5)	621 ± 49	961 ± 190a	917 ± 180a
ZC (dyne.s/cm5)	82 ± 20	167 ± 60a	98 ± 21c
Cp (mL/mmHg)	2.63 ± 0.9	1.16 ± 0.36a	1.87 ± 0.37c

CTL: Control; Cp: Capacitance index; HR: Heart rate; PPH: Passive pul-monary hypertension; APH: Active pulmonary hypertension; Pm and Pp: Mean and pulse pulmonary arterial pressure, respectively; PF: Pulmonary flow; ZO and ZC: Total and characteristic impedances, respectively.

^aP < 0.05 vs CTL;

^cP < 0.05 vs PPH.

Table 2 Indices of dynamic afterload in time domain (mean ± SD, n = 6)

	CTL	PPH	APH
Ppf (Pp/Pm)	0.53 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.25a	0.56 ± 0.17c
Pi-Pd (mmHg)	5.9 ± 1.8	9.1 ± 1.9a	7.4 ± 2.0ac
Ps-Pi (mmHg)	1.8 ± 0.5	8.7 ± 3.0a	4.3 ± 1.7ac
(Ps-Pi)/(Pi-Pd)	0.31 ± 0.08	0.95 ± 0.24a	0.6 ± 0.21ac
AI [(Ps-Pi)/Pp]	0.25 ± 0.03	0.48 ± 0.06a	0.37 ± 0.08ac
Ti (ms)	104 ± 21	50 ± 13a	70 ± 17ac
Pi (mmHg)	16.2 ± 3.3	22.9 ± 4.4a	22.1 ± 6.0a
EW (mmHg/s)	0.6 ± 0.2	3 ± 1.1a	1.6 ± 0.8ac

APH: Active pulmonary hypertension; Ps, Pd, Pi: Systolic, diastolic and inflection pulmonary arterial pressures, respectively; Ppf: fractional pulse pressure; AI: Augmentation index; Ti: Time at the inflection point; EW: Wasted energy generated by the right ventricle due to wave reflection during ejection.

^aP < 0.05 vs CTL;

^cP < 0.05 vs PPH.