Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2025; 17(8): 109738
Published online Aug 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i8.109738
Table 1 Detailed characteristics of each included study
Ref.YearStudy designMax. follow upTotal no. of patients
Age (mean SD) years
Smoker (%)
Hypertension (%)
Diabetes mellitus (%)
COPD (%)
Chronic kidney disease (%)
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Bashir et al[17]2022Retrospective cohortNA411758.2 ± 13.658.8 ± 13.3NANA87.888.29.75.9NANANANA
Filiberto et al[18]2022Retrospective cohort 5 years 1213859.6 ± 14.162.5 ± 1438.842.190.984.211.613.27.418.432.239.5
Luo et al[16]2021Retrospective cohort (prospectively maintained single center)4 years79312053.84 ± 1156.11 ± 10.0755.22.585.678.35.413.41.307.96.7
Summers et al[19]2024Retrospective cohort 5 years 109553158.67 ± 14.1064.67 ± 15.61635887881114.59.315NANA
Yammine et al[20]2024Retrospective cohort 3 years 1127460 ± 12.864.1 ± 14.542.959.591.9694.5916.9616.2215.1827.0327.6821.62
Table 2 Quality assessment scores of the included studies, indicating methodological quality and risk of bias
Ref.
Selection
Comparability
Outcome
Total
12341123
Bashir et al[17]7/9
Filiberto et al[18]★★9/9
Luo et al[16]★★9/9
Summers et al[19]8/9
Yammine et al[20]8/9