BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge
Home / Archive / Volume 17, Issue 6
  • This Article
Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article
CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article
Academic Rules and Norms of This Article
Citation of this article
Corresponding Author of This Article
Research Domain of This Article
Article-Type of This Article
Open-Access Policy of This Article
Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article
Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article
  • Total Article Views (2039)
All Articles published online
The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-2) series, Tables (1-9) series.
Item 
Count 
PDF70
HTML1257
Figures (1-2)138
Tables (1-9)165
 Sum=1630
Publishing Process of This Article
The chart showing Browse series, Download series.
Item 
Count 
Browse41
Download272
 Sum=313
Jun 26, 2025 (publication date) through Oct 26, 2025
Times Cited of This Article
  • Times Cited  (0)
Journal Information of This Article
Publication Name
World Journal of Cardiology
ISSN
1949-8462
Publisher of This Article
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Jun 26, 2025; 17(6): 106445
Published online Jun 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i6.106445
Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of study participants, n (%)
Parameter
Value
Age (mean ± SD) (years)35.9 ± 3.38
Sex
Male88 (96.7)
Female3 (3.3)
Total participants (n): 91.
Full Size Table
Table 2 Body mass index summary, n (%)
Category (kg/m2)
Underweight (< 18.5)0
Healthy (18.5-24.9)19 (20.87)
Overweight (25-29.9)32 (35.16)
Obese (> 30)40 (43.9)
Body mass index (mean ± SD)30.7 ± 5.8
Full Size Table
Table 3 Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, n (%)
Risk factor
Measure
HypertensionYes24 (26.37)
No67 (73.63)
DMYes30 (32.97)
No61 (67.03)
Type 1 DM2 (2.2)
Type 2 DM28 (30.76)
Newly diagnosed DM8 (8.79)
DyslipidemiaYes63 (69.23)
No28 (30.76)
Newly diagnosed dyslipidemia25 (39.68)
Smoking statusYes45 (49.45)
No46 (50.54)
Family history of ischemic heart diseaseYes19 (20.88)
No72 (79.12)
Total participants (n): 91. DM: Diabetes mellitus.
Full Size Table
Table 4 Patient diagnosis on admission, n (%)
Cause of admission
Measure
STEMIYes52 (57.1)
No39 (42.86)
Anterior STEMI35 (38.46)
Inferior STEMI16 (17.58)
Lateral STEMI1 (1.1)
Non-STEMIYes39 (42.86)
No52 (57.1)
Total participants (n): 91. STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction.
Full Size Table
Table 5 Echocardiographic findings, n (%)
Parameter
Segmental wall motion
Normal17 (18.68)
Inferior/posterior hypokinesia20 (21.98)
Anterior-septal hypokinesia9 (10.99)
Apical akinesia6 (6.59)
Anterior and apical hypokinesia20 (21.98)
Global hypokinesia12 (13.19)
Lateral hypokinesia6 (6.59)
Ejection fraction range (mean ± SD)47.8% ± 12.92%
Total participants (n): 91.
Full Size Table
Table 6 Coronary angiography findings, n (%)
Parameter
n = 91
LMNormal86 (94.51)
Significant lesion4 (4.4)
Total occlusion (dissection)1 (1.1)
LADNormal20 (21.98)
Significant lesion23 (25.28)
Non-significant lesion12 (13.19)
Total occlusion18 (19.78)
Subtotal occlusion9 (9.89)
Thrombus4 (4.39)
Bridge3 (3.3)
Total D12 (2.2)
LCXNormal51 (56.04)
Significant lesion16 (17.58)
Non-significant lesion18 (19.78)
Total occlusion3 (3.3)
Subtotal occlusion2 (2.2)
Dissection1 (1.1)
RCANormal41 (45.05)
Significant lesion11 (12.09)
Non-significant lesion20 (21.98)
Total occlusion9 (9.89)
Subtotal occlusion8 (8.79)
Thrombus2 (2.2)
RamusNormal86 (94.51)
Significant lesion1 (1.1)
Non-significant lesion4 (4.4)
n = 79
Culprit arteryLAD51 (56.04)
RCA17 (18.68)
LCX11 (12.09)
n = 84
Frequency of affected vesselsSingle vessel disease66 (72.53)
Two vessel disease8 (8.79)
Three vessel disease5 (5.49)
LM + three vessel disease4 (4.4)
LM + two vessel disease1(1.1)
LAD: Left anterior descending artery; LCX: Left circumflex artery; LM: Left main; RCA: Right coronary artery.
Full Size Table
Table 7 Coronary angiography final diagnosis, n (%)
Final diagnosis
n = 91
Obstructive CAD76 (83.51)
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries13 (14.28)
Non-obstructive CAD5 (5.5)
Normal coronary6 (6.59)
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy1 (1.1)
Aortic valve insufficiency induced cardiomyopathy1 (1.1)
Coronary artery dissection2 (2.2)
With no obstructive lesion1 (1.1)
With obstructive lesion1 (1.1)
CAD: Coronary artery disease.
Full Size Table
Table 8 Management strategies, n (%)
Conclusion
n = 91
Intervention78 (85.71)
PCITotal number68 (74.72)
PCI with 1 DES57 (62.64)
PCI with 2 DES6 (6.59)
PCI with 3 DES1 (1.1)
PCI with 5 DES1 (1.1)
PCI with 1 DES and 1 DEB1 (1.1)
PCI with 2 DES and 1 DEB1 (1.1)
PCI with 1 DES and 3 DEB1 (1.1)
Thrombus aspiration2 (2.2)
Open heart surgeryTotal number8 (8.79)
MVD for CABG6 (6.59)
MVD for CABG + AVR1 (1.1)
AVR and Bentall procedure1 (1.1)
Medical treatment6 (6.6)
Normal coronaries7 (7.7)
AVR: Aortic valve replacement; CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft; DEB: Drug eluting balloon; DES: Drug eluting stent; MVD: Multi vessel disease; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention.
Full Size Table
Table 9 Summary of patient characteristics, n (%)
Parameter
Value (n = 91)
Age (years, mean ± SD)35.9 ± 3.4
Male88 (96.7)
Body mass index (kg/m²) (mean ± SD)30.7 ± 5.8
Obese (> 30)40 (43.9)
Overweight (25–29.9)32 (35.2)
Risk factors
Hyperlipidemia63 (69.2)
Smoking45 (49.5)
Diabetes mellitus30 (33.0)
Hypertension24 (26.4)
Family history of CAD18 (20.9)
Presentation
STEMI52 (57.1)
Non-STEMI39 (42.9)
Coronary angiography findings
Obstructive CAD76 (83.51)
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries13 (14.28)
Coronary artery dissection2 (2.2)
Management
Percutaneous intervention70 (76.92)
Surgery8 (8.79)
Medical treatment6 (6.6)
Normal coronaries7 (7.7)
CAD: Coronary artery disease; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction.
Full Size Table
Write to the Help Desk
© 2004-2025 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

California Corporate Number: 3537345