Real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance-guided radiofrequency ablation: A comprehensive review

Table 1 Published animal studies on real-time cardiac magnetic resonance guided ablation

Ref.	n	Subject	Cardiac chamber/site	Procedure type
Lardo et al[31], 2000	6	Mongrel dog	RV apex	Ablation
Nazarian et al[25], 2008	10	Mongrel dog	RA, His bundle, RV	EP study
Nordbeck et al[60], 2009	8	Swine	RA, RV, AV node	Ablation
Hoffmann et al[61], 2010	20	Swine	CTI	Ablation
Nordbeck et al[62], 2011	9	Swine	CTI	Ablation
Vergara et al[63], 2011	6	Swine	RA, LA	Ablation
Ranjan et al[6], 2011	7	Mongrel dog	RA	Ablation
Ganesan et al[64], 2012	11	Sheep	PV, CTI	Ablation
Grothoff et al[65], 2017	14	Swine	RA, LA, AV node	Ablation
Krahn et al[33], 2018	12	Swine	LV	Ablation
Mukherjee et al[58], 2018	6	Swine	LV epicardium	Ablation
Chubb et al[21], 2017	5	Swine	CTI	Ablation
Lichter et al[53], 2019	8	Canine	PV, SVC, focal	(Cryo)ablation

AV: Atrioventricular; CTI: Cavotricuspid isthmus; EP: Electrophysiology; LA: Left atrium; PV: Pulmonary veins; SVC: Superior vena cava; RV: Right ventricle; RA: Right atrium.

Table 2 Published human studies on real-time cardiac magnetic resonance guided ablation

Ref.	n	Cardiac chamber/site	Procedure type
Nazarian et al[25], 2008	2	RA	EP study
Sommer et al[20], 2013	5	RA	EP study
Grothoff et al[18], 2014	10	CTI	Ablation
Hilbert et al[28], 2016	6	CTI	Ablation
Chubb et al[21], 2017	10	CTI	Ablation
Paetsch et al[38], 2019	30	CTI	Ablation
Ulbrich et al[40], 2022	15	CTI	Ablation

CTI: Cavotricuspid isthmus; EP: Electrophysiology; RA: Right atrium.