Do cardiopulmonary resuscitation real-time audiovisual feedback devices improve patient outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Region	Enrollment year	n	Female	ROSC	Setting	Study type
Abella et al[26], 2007	United States	2002-2005	156	71	43%	IHCA, adult patients	Prospective cohort
Goharani et al[45], 2019	Iran	2015	900	546	55%	IHCA, adult patients	RCT
Hostler et al[46], 2011	United States, Canada	2007-2009	1587	1000	45%	OHCA, adult (> 20 yr)	RCT
Kramer-Johansen J et al[27], 2006	London, Norway, Sweden	2002-2003	284	106	19%	OHCA, adult	Non-randomized controlled trial
Lakomek et al[47], 2020	Germany	2016	196	112	54%	OHCA, adult	Non-randomized controlled trial
Vahedian-Azimi et al[52], 2020	Iran	2013-2014	22	10	27%	IHCA, adult	RCT
Vahedian-Azimi et al[51], 2016	Iran	2014	80	49	54%	IHCA, adult (≥ 18 yr)	RCT
Couper et al[43], 2015	England	2009-2013	400	182	40%	IHCA, adult (≥ 18 yr)	Prospective cohort
BoBrow et al[8], 2013	Arizona	2008-2011	484	162	23%	OHCA, adult (≥ 18 years)	Prospective cohort
Crowe et al[44], 2015	Arizona	2010-2013	101	27	42%	OHCA/IHCA, adult	Prospective before-after
Sutton et al[50], 2014	Pennsylvania	2011-2013	8	2	50%	IHCA, children (1-8 yr)	Prospective cohort
Lukas et al[48], 2012	Germany	2007-2011	638	184	50%	OHCA, adults (> 18 yr)	Retrospective Matched-pair analysis
Park et al[49], 2018	South Korea	2013-2016	12670	4571	9%	OHCA, > 15 yr	Before-after

ROSC: Return of spontaneous circulation; IHCA: In-hospital cardiac arrest; RCT: Randomized controlled trials; OHCA: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.