Intravascular lithotripsy for coronary calcium: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Major clinical studies with intracoronary intravascular lithotripsy

Trial	Year	No. of patients	Severe calcification at baseline	Calcified segment length in mm	Primary endpoints	Outcome	Luminal gain post IVL	Luminal gain post stenting	Residual stenoses	Calcium fracture on OCT
DISRUPT CAD I	2019	60	100%	22.3 ± 12.3	30 d MACE	5% MACE observed		1.7 mm	< 50% in 100 lesions; < 30% in 92% lesions; < 20% in 73% lesions	78%
DISRUPT CAD II	2019	120	94.3%	25.7 ± 12.4	In-hospital MACE	MACE occurred 5.8% patients	0.83 ± 0.47 mm		7.8 ± 7.1%	78.7%
DISRUPT CAD III	2020	431	100%	47.9 ± 18.8	Freedom from in-hospital MACE, procedural success	Freedom from in-hospital MACE occurred in 92.2%; Procedural success in 92.4%		1.7 mm	11.9%	67.4%
DISRUPT CAD IV	2021	64	100%	49.8 ± 15.5	Freedom from in-hospital MACE, procedural success	Freedom from in-hospital MACE occurred in 93.8%, Procedural success in 93.8%	1.42 ± 0.42 mm	1.67 ± 0.37 mm	Residual diameter stenosis < 50% and < 30% in all	53.5%

MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; IVL: Intravascular lithotripsy; OCT: Optical coherence tomography.