Thirty-day readmission in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Insights from the nationwide readmission database

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients admitted with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Variable	n (%)
Total number of index admissions	60514
Female	37156 (61.4)
Mean age in year (Confidence interval)	74.8 (74.52-75.1)
Charlson comorbidity index score
0	0
1	8956 (14.8)
2	15613 (25.8)
≥ 3	35945 (59.4)
Median income in patient zip code, US dollars
1-43999	16823 (27.8)
44000-55999	18275 (30.2)
56000-73999	15007 (24.8)
74000+	10408 (17.2)
Patient residence
Large metropolitan areas with at least 1 million residents	27836 (46.0)
Small metropolitan areas with less than 1 million residents	22753 (37.6)
Micropolitan areas 18493 (9.1)	7201 (11.9)
Not metropolitan or micropolitan (non-urban residents)	2723 (4.5)
Insurance type
Medicare	49864 (82.4)
Medicaid	4054 (6.7)
Private	5809 (9.6)
Self-pay	726 (1.2)
Rehab transfer	59 (0.098)
Hospital teaching status
Non-teaching	24871 (41.1)
Teaching	35643 (58.9)

Table 2 Independent predictors of 30 d readmission

Variable	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	0.99 (0.99-0.99)	< 0.001
Female gender	0.91 (0.86-0.95)	< 0.001
Insurance provider (compared to medicare)
Medicaid	1.15 (1.05-1.27)	0.004
Private	0.85 (0.77-0.93)	< 0.001
Self-pay	0.70 (0.53-0.93)	0.015
Charlson comorbidity index score	1.08 (1.06-1.09)	< 0.001
Patients admitted to teaching hospital	1.09 (1.04-1.15)	0.001
Length of stay	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	< 0.001
Geographic area (compared to large metropolitan area with at least 1 million residents)
Small (area with < 1 million residents)	0.91 (0.86-0.97)	0.003
Micropolitan area	0.83 (0.77-0.90)	< 0.001
Patients admitted to teaching hospital	1.09 (1.04-1.15)	0.001
Length of stay	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	< 0.001
Geographic area (compared to large metropolitan area with at least 1 million residents)
Small (area with < 1 million residents)	0.91 (0.86-0.97)	0.003
Micropolitan area	0.83 (0.77-0.90)	< 0.001

Table 3 Primary and secondary outcomes

Outcome measures	N (%), linearized standard error, 95%CI
Readmission rate	12812 (21%), 357.43, [12111-13513]
Mortality
Index cases	1727 (2.9%), 76.98, [1576-1878]
Readmission	1012 (7.9%), 56.61, [901-1123]
Mean length of stay
Index cases	5.2, 0.05, [5.15-5.32]
Readmission	6.4, 0.9, [6.21-6.56]
Total charges (in USD)
Index cases	40570, 796.7, [39008-42132]
Readmission	60822, 1662.9, [57561-64083]
Total cost (in USD)
Index cases	11234.2, 154.1, [10932-11536]
Readmission	16065, 349.7, [15379-16751]