Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Cardiol. Nov 26, 2022; 14(11): 599-616
Published online Nov 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i11.599
Table 1 Jadad score of included studies
Ref.
Randomization
Blinding
Accountability
Jadad score
Bailey et al[24], 20152114
Bailey et al[25], 20131113
Rosenstock et al[26], 20121113
Wilding et al[27], 20142215
Matthaei et al[34], 20152114
Jabbour et al[30], 20141113
Anker et al[15], 20212215
Sone et al[36], 20202114
Bolinder et al[33], 20142215
Rosenstock et al[37], 20152114
Rosenstock et al[38], 20142114
Kohan et al[28], 20161113
Zinman et al[5], 20152113
Brown et al[35], 20201113
Qin et al[32], 20191UU1
Gause-Nilsson 201411UU1
List et al[39], 20091113
McMurray et al[31], 20192215
Table 2 Characteristics of included studies




Treatment group
Placebo group
Participants (n)
Mean age (yr)
Race (n)
Ref.
Duration (wk)
%male
%DM
SGLT2-I
Other therapy
Other therapy
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
White
Asian
Black
Bailey et al[25], 2013102100%DAPA (2.5)MetforminMetformin13713755.0 (9.3) 53.7 (10.3)
DAPA (5)Metformin13754.3 (9.4)
DAPA (10)Metformin13552.7 (9.9)
Bailey et al[24], 2015102100%DAPA (2.5)MetforminMetformin657553.0 (11.7)52.7 (10.3)
DAPA (5)Metformin6452.6 (10.9)
DAPA (10)Metformin7050.6 (10.0)
Bolinder et al[33], 201410255.6%100%DAPA (10)Placebo only697160.6 (8.2)60.8 (6.9)140NRNR
Brown et al[35], 20205257.6%100%DAPA (10)Placebo only323464.25 (7.01)66.74 (6.62)
Gause-Nilsson 20141104100%DAPA (10)InsulinInsulin480482
Jabbour et al[30], 20144854.8%100%DAPA (10)Sitagliptin, metformin Sitagliptin, metformin22322454.8 (10.4)55.0 (10.2)332417
Zinman et al[5], 2015102DAPA (2.5)Placebo only62578557.5 (9.9) 56.9 (10.2)
DAPA (5)76756.5 (10.1)
DAPA (10)85956.0 (9.9)
List et al[39], 200912100%DAPA (2.5)Placebo only595455 (11)53 (11)
DAPA (5)Metformin585655 (12)54 (9)
DAPA (10)4754 (9)
DAPA (20)5955 (10)
DAPA (50)5653 (10)
Matthaei et al[34], 20155249.2%100%DAPA (10)Placebo only10810861.1 (9.7)60.9 (9.2)206NRNR
McMurray et al[31], 20197277%45%DAPA (10)Placebo only2373237166.2 (11.0)66.5 (10.8)33331116226
Qin et al[32], 201916100%DAPA (10)Placebo only2212
DAPA (10)Saxagliptin 22
Rosenstock et al[26], 201248100%DAPA (5)Pioglitazone Pioglitazone14113953.2 (10.9)53.5 (11.4)
DAPA (10)Pioglitazone 14053.8 (10.4)
Wilding et al[27], 2014104100%DAPA (2.5)Insulin, existing OADInsulin, existing OAD20219359.8 (7.6) 58.8 (8.6)
DAPA (5/10)2Insulin, existing OAD21159.3 (7.9)
DAPA (10)Insulin, existing OAD19459.3 (8.8)
Anker et al[15], 202111255%49%EMPA (10)Placebo only2997299171.8 (9.3)71.9 (9.6)4542824258
Sone et al[36], 2020 5272.6%100%EMPA (10)Placebo only869058.3 (10.0)59.1 (10.7)NR266NR
EMPA (25)9058.6 (9.5)
Rosenstock et al[37], 20157856%100%EMPA (10)Placebo only16917058.6 (9.8)58.1 (9.4)3439848
EMPA (25)15559.9 (10.5)
Rosenstock et al[38], 20145245%100%EMPA (10)Placebo only18618856.7 (8.7)55.3 (10.1)531NR19
EMPA (25)18958.0 (9.4)
Zinman et al[5], 201522071.5%100%EMPA (10)Placebo only2345233363.0 (8.6)63.2 (8.8)50811517357
EMPA (25)234263.2 (8.6)
Table 3 Baseline values for the MetS components


Waist circumference (cm)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
HDL (mg/dL)
SBP (mmHg)
DBP (mmHg)
Fasting plasma glucose
Ref.
SGLT2-I (daily dose, mg)
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
Bailey et al[25], 2013 DAPA (2.5)126.6 (14.5) 127.7 (14.6) 79.5 (8.7) 80.9 (9.0) 161.3 ± 43165.42 (46.44)
DAPA (5)126.9 (14.3) 80.8 (8.5) 169.0 ± 49
DAPA (10)126.0 (15.9)79.0 (10.2)155.9 ± 38.7
Bailey et al[24], 2015DAPA (2.5)105.6 (14.9)103.2 (13.8) 129.3 (16.1) 124.7 (16.3) 79.1 (7.9) 81.0 (9.5) 163.8 ± 48.6160.2 (41.4)
DAPA (5)104.3 (11.7)124.7 (15.3) 81.6 (8.9) 162 ± 45
DAPA (10)108.1 (13.2)125.1 (16.4)80.2 (8.6)167.4 ± 41.4
Bolinder et al[33], 2014DAPA (10)105.6 ± 10.1104.5 ± 12.3136.1 ± 13.8133.3 ± 13.780.6 ± 8.080.4 ± 8.3147.6 ± 25.2149.4 ± 25.2
Brown et al[35], 2020DAPA (10)137.25 ± 7.5136.15 ± 9.1179.16 ± 8.6377.79 ± 8.25140.4 ± 63144.9 ± 54.0
Jabbour et al[30], 2014DAPA (10)162.2 (36.8)163.0 (34.5)
Kohan et al[28], 2016DAPA (2.5)133.1 (17.2) 130.8 (15.8) 79.8 (9.3) 79.6 (9.0)
DAPA (5)130.5 (16.2) 79.5 (8.9)
DAPA (10)131.1 (16.3)79.1 (9.3)
List et al[39], 2009DAPA (2.5)127 ± 14126 ± 1678 ± 877 ± 8145 ± 34150 ± 46
DAPA (5)126 ± 13126 ± 1376 ± 878 ± 8153 ± 48143 ± 33
DAPA (10)127 ± 1677 ± 8148 ± 38
DAPA (20)127 ± 1577 ± 8149 ± 41
DAPA (50)126 ± 1677 ± 9153 ± 42
Matthaei et al[34], 2015DAPA (10)185.9 ± 123.9177.1 ± 79.746.44 ± 11.646.4 ± 11.6134.5 ± 12.6136.4 ± 14.280.4 ± 9.281.6 ± 7.9167.4 ± 43.3180.2 ± 43.1
McMurray et al[31], 2019DAPA (10)72.5 ± 13.2
Rosenstock et al[26], 2012DAPA (5)168.6 +/-52.1160.7 +/-47.0
DAPA (10)164.9 +/-46.3
Wilding et al[27], 2014DAPA (2.5)109.7 (13.4) 110.2 (14.5) 180 ± 59.4171 (57.6)
DAPA (5/10)1109.3 (13.4) 185.4 ± 59.4
DAPA (10)109.6 (12.5)172.8 ± 54
Anker et al[15], 2021EMPA (10)131.8 ± 15.6131.9 ± 15.778
Rosenstock et al[37], 2015EMPA (10)175.23 ± 14.2158.5 ± 7.9746.1 ± 0.7746 ± 0.77132.4 ± 15.5133.9 ± 16.378.4 ± 9.278.6 ± 10.9138.6 ± 52.2142.2 ± 46.8
EMPA (25)162.8 ± 0.846.1 ± 0.78132.8 ± 15.177.9 ± 10.2145.8 ± 25
Rosenstock et al[38], 2014EMPA (10)171.7 ± 8.85178.9 ± 12.446.1 ± 0.7945.2 ± 0.77134.2 ± 16.4132.6 ± 15.879.5 ± 8.578.2 ± 8.8158.9 ± 46.8151.38 ± 45.72
EMPA (25)169.9 ± 7.0846.4 ± 0.77132.9 ± 14.278.7 ± 8.5149.2 ± 48.6
Sone et al[36], 2020EMPA (10)93.3 ± 8.893.8 ± 9.6134.2 ± 14.6135.7 ± 14.080.1 ± 10.279.6 ± 8.7168.8 ± 43.1159.1 ± 38.5
EMPA (25)93.1 ± 8.3136.3 ± 14.380.0 ± 10.6156.1 ± 37.7
Zinman et al[5], 2015EMPA (10)104.9105.1168.4 ± 2.67170.7 ± 2.5344.7 ± 0.2544.0 ± 0.24134.9 ± 16.8135.8 ± 17.276.6 ± 9.876.8 ± 10.1
EMPA (25)104.9172.6 ± 2.2744.5 ± 0.25135.6 ± 17.076.6 ± 9.7
Table 4 Baseline data for HbA1C, BW, and UA


Body weight (kg)
Hemoglobin A1c (%)
Uric acid (mg/dL)
Ref.
SGLT2-I (daily dose, mg)
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
SGLT2-I
Placebo
Bailey et al[25], 2013 DAPA (2.5)84.90 (17.77) 87.74 (19.24) 7.99 (0.90) 8.12 (0.96)
DAPA (5)84.73 (16.26) 8.17 (0.96)
DAPA (10)86.28 (17.53)7.92 (0.82)
Bailey et al[24], 2015DAPA (2.5)90.8 (22.8)88.8 (19.0) 7.92 (0.90)7.84 (0.87) 5.92 (1.42)5.09 (1.32)
DAPA (5)87.6 (17.1)7.86 (0.94)5.55 (1.44)
DAPA (10)94.2 (18.7)8.01 (0.96)5.67 (1.44)
Bolinder et al[33], 2014DAPA (10)92.1 (14.1)90.9 (13.7)7.19 (0.44)7.16 (0.53)
Brown et al[35], 2020DAPA (10)91.58 (14.62)91.48 (14.13)7.8 (3.17)7.66 (3.08)
Jabbour et al[30], 2014DAPA (10)91.0 (21.6)89.2 (20.9)7.9 (0.8)8.0 (0.8)
Kohan et al[28], 2016DAPA (2.5)8.17 (0.86) 8.12 (0.92)
DAPA (5)8.27 (0.95)
DAPA (10)8.11 (0.93)
List et al[39], 2009DAPA (2.5)90 (20)89 (18)7.6 (0.7)7.9 (0.9)5.5 (1.2)5.5 (1.4)
DAPA (5)89 (17)8.0 (0.9)5.2 (1.3)
DAPA (10)86 (17)8.0 (0.8)5.5 (1.2)
DAPA (20)88 (18)7.7 (0.9)5.3 (1.3)
DAPA (50)92 (19)7.8 (1.0)5.6 (1.4)
Matthaei et al[34], 2015DAPA (10)88.6 (17.6)90.1 (16.2)8.08 (0.91)8.24 (0.87)
Rosenstock et al[26], 2012DAPA (5)87.8 (20.7)86.4 (21.3)8.40 (1.03)8.34 (1.00)
DAPA (10)84.8 (22.2)8.37 (0.96)
Wilding et al[27], 2014DAPA (2.5)93.0 (16.7) 94.5 (19.8) 8.46 (0.78) 8.47 (0.77)
DAPA (5/10)193.3 (17.4) 8.62 (0.89)
DAPA (10)94.5 (16.8)8.57 (0.82)
Anker et al[15], 2021EMPA (10)
Sone et al[36], 2020EMPA (10)73.3 (11.5)74.0 (11.3)8.8 (0.7)8.7 (0.7)
EMPA (25)72.2 (11.4)8.7 (0.7)
Rosenstock et al[37], 2015EMPA (10)91.6 (20.1)90.5 (22.5)8.3 (0.8)8.2 (0.8)5.26 (1.71)5.5 (2.1)
EMPA (25)94.7 (20.7)8.3 (0.8)5.63 (2)
Rosenstock et al[38], 2014EMPA (10)96.7 (17.9)95.5 (17.5)8.39 (0.74)8.33 (0.72)5.48 (2.13)5.5 (2.0)
EMPA (25)95.9 (17.3)8.29 (0.72)5.56 (2.07)
Zinman et al[5], 2015EMPA (10)85.9 (18.8)86.6 (19.1)8.07 (0.86)8.08 (0.84)5.96
EMPA (25)86.5 (19.0)8.06 (0.84)5.98