Novel lipid-modifying therapies addressing unmet needs in cardiovascular disease

Table 1 Mechanisms of action of novel lipid-modifying therapies addressing unmet needs in cardiovascular disease

Novel pharmacological agent	Mechanism of action
Inclisiran	Small interfering RNA targeting the hepatic synthesis of PCSK9
Bempedoic Acid	Inhibition of hepatic ACL and activation of AMPK
Seladelpar	Selective PPAR-δ agonist
CSL-112	Reconstituted infusible human ApoA-I
Apabetalone	Increase of ApoA-I transcription acting on bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein 4 (BRD4)
Volanesorsen	Human ASO inhibiting the expression of mRNA of the ApoC-III gene
APO(a)-Rx and APO(a)-LRx	ASOs inhibiting the synthesis of the apolipoprotein (a)
XL-652	Partial LXR agonist with LXRβ selectivity
Allicin	Upregulation of ABCA1 expression in macrophage-derived foam cells
ACP-501	Recombinant human LCAT

PCSK9: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; ACL: Adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase; AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ApoA-I: Apolipoprotein A-I; ASO: Antisense oligonucleotide; LXR: Liver X receptor; ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; LCAT: lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase.