Safety and efficacy of frequency-domain optical coherence tomography in evaluating and treating intermediate coronary lesions

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the optical coherence tomography study population

Variable	Overall (n = 64)	OCT-guided PCI (n = 38)	OCT-guided OMT (n = 26)	P-value
Age (yr)	63.17 ± 9.68	63.42 ± 9.88	62.81 ± 9.56	0.806
Male (%)	43 (67.2)	25 (65.8)	18 (69.2)	0.773
Diabetes mellitus (%)	10 (15.6)	7 (18.4)	3 (11.5)	0.693
Hypertension (%)	39 (60.9)	22 (57.9)	17 (65.4)	0.546
Discharge treatment
Aspirin (%)	64 (100)	38 (100)	26 (100)	1
P2Y12 inhibitor (%)	59 (92.2)	38 (100)	25 (96.1)	0.406
Statin (%)	64 (100)	38 (100)	26 (100)	1
Beta-blocker (%)	29 (45.3)	19 (50)	10 (38.5)	0.362
ACE-I/ARB (%)	33 (51.6)	23 (60.5)	10 (38.5)	0.083
CCB (%)	24 (37.5)	13 (34.2)	11 (42.3)	0.511
Nitrates (%)	36 (56.2)	21 (55.3)	15 (57.7)	0.847
Admission diagnosis				0.068
Stable angina (%)	7 (10.9)	4 (10.5)	3 (11.5)
Unstable angina (%)	53 (82.8)	34 (89.5)	19 (73.1)
NSTEMI (%)	2 (3.1)	0 (0)	2 (7.7)
STEMI (%)	2 (3.1)	0 (0)	2 (7.7)
ICL vessel				0.671
LAD (%)	37 (57.8)	21 (55.3)	16 (61.5)
LCX (%)	12 (18.8)	6 (15.8)	6 (23.1)
RCA (%)	15 (23.4)	10 (26.3)	5 (19.2)

Data are expressed as mean ± SD and n (%), or median and 25^th and 75^th percentiles, for non-normal distribution. OCT: Optical coherence tomography; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; OMT: Optimal medical therapy; ACE: Adverse cardiac events; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blockers; NSTEMI: Non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; ICL: Intermediate coronary lesions; LAD: Left anterior descending; LCX: Left circumflex; RCA: Right coronary artery.

Table 2 Two-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography findings pre-optical coherence tomography in the percutaneous coronary intervention and optimal medical therapy groups

Variable	OCT-guided PCI (n = 38)	OCT-guided OMT (n = 26)	P-value
Reference area, mm2	7.91 (5.61-10.45)	7.97 (6.01-11.16)	0.538
Minimum luminal area, mm2	1.97 (1.37-2.80)	2.40 (1.73-3.82)	0.029
Area stenosis %	74.02 ± 6.43	67.77 ± 6.44	0.001

Data are expressed as mean ± SD and n (%), or median and 25^th and 75^th. Percentiles for non-normal distribution. OCT: Optical coherence tomography; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; OMT: Optimal medical therapy.

Table 3 Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography findings in the percutaneous coronary intervention and optimal medical therapy groups

Variable	OCT-guided PCI (n = 38)	OCT-guided OMT (n = 26)	P-value
Reference area mm2	9.00 (7.56-11.21)	9.32 (7.73-12.14)	0.507
Minimum luminal area mm2	2.44 (1.93-3.15)	3.43 (2.61-4.72)	0.001
Area stenosis %	72.22 ± 7.39	61.87 ± 7.51	< 0.001

Data are expressed as mean ± SD and n (%), or median and 25^th and 75^th. Percentiles for non-normal distribution. OCT: Optical coherence tomography; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; OMT: Optimal medical therapy.

Table 4 Two-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography vs frequency-domain optical coherence tomography findings

Group	2D-QCA	FD-OCT	P-value
Reference area, mm2
OCT-guided PCI	8.16 ± 3.24	9.39 ± 3.28	< 0.001
OCT-guided OMT	7.97 (6.01-11.16)	9.32 (7.73-12.14)	0.005
Minimum luminal area mm2
OCT-guided PCI	2.14 ± 1.00	2.58 ± 1.04	< 0.001
OCT-guided OMT	2.40 (1.73-3.82)	3.43 (2.61- 4.72)	< 0.001
Area stenosis %
OCT-guided PCI	74.02 ± 6.44	72.22 ± 7.39	0.027
OCT-guided OMT	67.77 ± 7.31	61.87 ± 7.51	< 0.001

Data are expressed as mean ± SD and n (%), or median and 25^th and 75^th. Percentiles for non-normal distribution. 2D-QCA: Two-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography; FD-OCT: Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; OMT: Optimal medical therapy.

Table 5 Clinical outcomes at 12 mo follow-up n (%)

Variable	OCT-guided PCI (n = 38)	OCT-guided OMT (n = 26)	P-value, overall = 0.634
Myocardial infarction	1 (2.6)	0	1
Target lesion revascularisation	1 (2.6)	0	1
Re-angina	13 (34.2)	8 (30.8)	0.603
Re-hospitalisation	3 (7.9)	2 (7.7)	0.920
Minor bleeding events	5 (13.2)	1 (3.8)	0.427

Data are expressed as mean ± SD and n (%), or median and 25^th and 75^th. Percentiles for non-normal distribution. OCT: Optical coherence tomography; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; OMT: Optimal medical therapy.