Cardiovascular safety of proton pump inhibitors in post-percutaneous coronary intervention patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy: A meta-analysis

Figure 1  Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Diagram Representing Breakdown of Included and Excluded Studies.

Figure 2 Risk of bias assessment of included studies. A: Risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions scale graph for included observational studies; B: Traffic plot for included observational studies; C: Risk of bias 2.0 tool graph for included observational studies; D: Traffic plot for included observational studies.

Figure 3 Forest plot assessing the risk of acute coronary syndrome associated with proton pump inhibitors in comparison with placebo. A: Randomized controlled trials only; B: Observational studies only. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 4 Forest plot assessing the risk of all-cause mortality associated with proton pump inhibitors in comparison with placebo. A: Randomized controlled trials only; B: Observational studies only. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 5 Forest plot assessing the risk of cardiac mortality associated with proton pump inhibitors in comparison with placebo. A: Randomized controlled trials only; B: Observational studies only. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 6 Observational studies only forest plot assessing the impact of proton pump inhibitors. A: Major adverse cardiovascular event; B: Stent thrombosis; C: Coronary revascularization; D: Ischemic stroke. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; CI: Confidence interval.