Serum leptin level in Sudanese women with unexplained infertility and its relationship with some reproductive hormones

doi:10.4331/wjbc.v13.i5.83

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry

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World J Biol Chem. Nov 27, 2022; 13(5): 83-94
Published online Nov 27, 2022. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i5.83

Table 1 Comparison of the examined variables (demographic variables and serum biochemical parameters) in the women with unexplained infertility and fertile women in Sudan

Variable	Unexplained infertility group, n = 210		Fertile group, n = 190		Effect size	P value
Variable	mean ± SD	95%CI	mean ± SD	95%CI	Effect size	P value
Age in yr	28.59 ± 5.22	27.87-29.3	28.44 ± 4.95	27.73-29.15	0.020²	0.731⁴
BMI in kg/m²	24.67 ± 4.08	24.11-25.22	24.41 ± 4.38	23.78-25.03	0.046²	0.424⁴
WHR	0.844 ± 0.108	0.829-0.859	0.837 ± 0.114	0.821-0.854	0.032²	0.575⁴
Leptin in ng/mL	30.05 ± 5.22	29.34-30.76	22.89 ± 6.48	21.96-23.81	1.225¹	< 0.001³
FSH in IU/L	6.42 ± 2.82	6.04-6.81	9.52 ± 2.79	9.12-9.92	0.558²	< 0.001⁴
LH in IU/L	10.32 ± 3.37	9.86-10.78	7.78 ± 2.19	7.46-8.09	0.423²	< 0.001⁴
LH/FSH ratio	1.7 ± 0.339	1.65-1.75	0.82 ± 0.075	0.81-0.83	3.502¹	< 0.001³
PRL in μg/L	17.48 ± 3.434	17.01-17.95	12.52 ± 3.736	11.99-13.06	1.385¹	< 0.001³
AMH in ng/mL	2.07 ± 0.418	2.01-2.13	2.43 ± 0.624	2.34-2.52	0.345²	< 0.001⁴
E2 in nmol/L	121.61 ± 30.54	117.46-125.77	154.86 ± 47.83	148.01-161.7	0.428²	< 0.001⁴
T in nmol/L	2.43 ± 0.52	2.36-2.51	2.12 ± 0.62	2.04-2.21	0.543¹	< 0.001³
E2/T ratio	49.59 ± 3.97	49.05-50.13	72.69 ± 5.52	71.9-73.48	0.987²	< 0.001⁴

¹Effect size is given by Cohen’s d.

²Effect size is given by the rank biserial correlation.

³Student’s t-test.

⁴Mann-Whitney U-test.

AMH: Anti-Mullerian hormone; BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; E2: Estradiol; FSH: Follicular stimulating hormone; LH: Luteinizing hormone; PRL: Prolactin hormone; SD: Standard deviation; T: Testosterone; WHR: Waist/hip ratio.

Table 2 Correlation between leptin and the other variables in both the case and control groups

Variable	Unexplained Infertility group		Fertile group
Variable	r value	P value	r value	P value
Age in yr	-0.044¹	0.524	-0.107²	0.142
BMI in kg/m²	0.158²	0.022	0.398²	< 0.001^b
WHR	0.141¹	0.041	0.389¹	< 0.001^b
FSH in IU/L	-0.854²	< 0.001^b	-0.723¹	< 0.001^b
LH in IU/L	-0.727²	< 0.001^b	-0.683¹	< 0.001^b
LH/FSH	0.714²	< 0.001^b	0.231²	< 0.001^a
PRL in μg/L	0.888²	< 0.001^b	0.888²	< 0.001^b
AMH in ng/mL	0.928²	< 0.001^b	0.917²	< 0.001^b
E2 in nmol/L	0.916²	< 0.001^b	0.967²	< 0.001^b
T in nmol/L	0.932²	< 0.001^b	0.359²	0.033
E2/T ratio	0.478²	< 0.001^b	0.138²	0.057

¹Pearson’s correlation.

²Spearman’s rank correlation.

^aP < 0.01.

^bP < 0.001.

Table 3 Predictors of serum leptin levels in Sudanese women using the best-fit model

Independent variable	Model, leptin ng mL	Coefficients	P value	Beta, 95%CI
Independent variable	Model, leptin ng mL	Coefficients	P value	Lower	Upper
Constant	Unexplained infertility	6.812	0.274	-5.436	19.060
Constant	Fertile	-1.076	0.527	-4.426	2.274
Age	Unexplained infertility	0.011	0.529	-0.023	0.044
Age	Fertile	0.002	0.734	-0.009	0.012
BMI	Unexplained infertility	0.013	0.794	-0.085	0.111
BMI	Fertile	-0.003	0.813	-0.031	0.025
WHR	Unexplained infertility	-0.099	0.957	-3.739	3.541
WHR	Fertile	-0.096	0.858	-1.155	0.962
FSH in IU/L	Unexplained infertility	-0.122	0.479	-0.460	0.216
FSH in IU/L	Fertile	-0.037	0.754	-0.196	0.269
LH in IU/L	Unexplained infertility	-0.139	0.223	-0.364	0.085
LH in IU/L	Fertile	0.009	0.951	-0.307	0.288
LH/FSH	Unexplained infertility	1.212	0.070	-0.100	2.524
LH/FSH	Fertile	0.182	0.892	-2.455	2.819
PRL in μg/L	Unexplained infertility	0.471	< 0.001^a	0.369	0.573
PRL in μg/L	Fertile	0.026	0.082	-0.003	0.056
AMH in ng/mL	Unexplained infertility	2.981	< 0.001^a	2.032	3.930
AMH in ng/mL	Fertile	-0.062	0.538	-0.261	0.137
E2 in nmol/L	Unexplained infertility	-0.006	0.915	-0.109	0.098
E2 in nmol/L	Fertile	-0.007	0.274	-0.021	0.006
T in nmol/L	Unexplained infertility	3.192	0.235	-2.087	8.472
T in nmol/L	Fertile	10.982	< 0.001^a	10.008	11.956
E2/T ratio	Unexplained infertility	0.028	0.813	-0.204	0.260
E2/T ratio	Fertile	0.018	0.272	-0.014	0.050

^aP < 0.05.

Citation: Abdulslam Abdullah A, Ahmed M, Oladokun A, Ibrahim NA, Adam SN. Serum leptin level in Sudanese women with unexplained infertility and its relationship with some reproductive hormones. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13(5): 83-94
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8454/full/v13/i5/83.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v13.i5.83