Role of staging laparoscopy in peri-pancreatic and hepatobiliary malignancy

Table 1 Studies assessing the role of staging laparoscopy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Study/years	Time period	No. of patient	Contraindication found during laparoscopy (%)	Contraindication found during laparotomya (%)	Morbidity/Mortality of LAP	Note
Conlon et al[4]/1999	1992-1994	115	38	8	0/0	Extended laparoscopy only
Jimenez et al[18]/2000	1994-1998	125	31	3	0.8/0	+ cytology
Schachter et al[5]/2000	1996-1999	67	45	12	-	+ LAPUS
Doran et al[45]/2004	1997-2002	305	15	20	-	+ LAPUS
Maithel et al[46]/2008	2000-2006	491	14	1.5	-	+ CA 19-9b

^aOn remaining patients; ^bOn metastatic spread only. LAPUS: Laparoscopic ultrasonography; LAP: laparoscopic staging.

Table 2 Studies assessing the role of staging laparoscopy in colorectal liver metastasis

Study/years	Time period	No. of patient	Contraindication found during laparoscopy (%)	Contraindication found during laparotomy (%)	Morbidity/Mortality of laparoscopy	Note
Rahusen et al[24]/1999	1991-1997	50	38	13	-/0	+ LAPUS
Jarnagin et al[34]/2001	1997-1999	104	14	13	NA
Grobmyer et al[37]/2004	1997-2002	264	10	8	NA
Thaler et al[25]/2005	1996-2004	136	25	11	2%/0	+ LAPUS
Mann et al[36]/2007	2000-2004	200	20	17	NA	+ LAPUS

LAPUS: Laparoscopic ultrasonography.

Table 3 Studies assessing the role of staging laparoscopy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Study / years	Time period	No. of patient	Contraindication found during laparoscopy (%)	Additional contraindication found during laparotomy (%)	Morbidity/Mortality related to laparoscopy	Note
Lo et al[39]/1998	1994-1996	110	16	12	0	+ LAPUS
Lai et al[47]/2008	2001-2007	122	37	3	NA	+ LAPUS
Montorsi et al[48]/2001	1998-2000	70	57a	NA	NA	+ LAPUS
Weitz et al[40]/2004	1997-2002	60	23	11	NA

^a(1) Additional in; and (2) Formations found during laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography. LAPUS: Laparoscopic ultrasonography.

Table 4 Studies assessing the role of staging laparoscopy in biliary tract tumor

Study/years	Time period	No. of patient	Contraindication found during laparoscopy (%)	Contraindication found during laparotomy (%)	Morbidity/Mortality	Note
Weber et al[42]/2002	1997-2001	100	35	52	0	Extrahepatic biliary carcinoma
Tilleman et al[44]/2002	1993-2000	110	41.8	47	3%/0	Malignant proximal bile duct obstruction with ultrasonography
Connor et al[43]/2005	1992-2003	84	41.5	48	NA	Hilar cholangiocarcinoma with ultrasonography
Goere et al[41]/2006	2002-2004	39	36	37	6%/0