Application of multivariate logistic regression in predicting postoperative intestinal function recovery and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the entire patient cohort (n = 197)

Variable	Count	Mean/n	Std Dev/%	Min	25%	Median	75%	Max
Demographic and clinical
Age (years)	197	58.1	11.3	34	50	59	67	78
Sex (male)	197	109	-55.33%	-	-	-	-	-
BMI (kg/m2)	197	23.8	3.1	16.2	21.6	23.9	25.8	32.5
Smoker	197	62	-31.50%	-	-	-	-	-
Diabetes	197	31	-15.70%	-	-	-	-	-
Hypertension	197	67	-34.00%	-	-	-	-	-
Surgical and tumor
Surgical approach (laparoscopic)	197	163	82.74%	-	-	-	-	-
Operation time (minute)	197	152.4	31.7	85	130	150	175	245
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	197	132.8	45.2	50	100	120	150	350
Tumor location (colon/rectum)	197	118/79	(59.9%/40.1%)	-	-	-	-	-
Tumor size (cm)	197	4.6	1.4	1.5	3.6	4.5	5.5	9
T3-4 stage	197	128	-65.00%	-	-	-	-	-
Poor differentiation	197	53	-26.90%	-	-	-	-	-
Intestinal function (subset, n = 33)
First exhaust time (days)	33	3.36	1.06	2	3	3	4	6
First defecation time (days)	33	3.79	1.14	2	3	4	4	6
Bowel sound recovery (days)	33	2.64	0.74	1	2	3	3	4
Laboratory parameters (subset, n = 86)
Albumin (g/L)	86	40.22	6.31	26.3	36.82	41.4	43.88	73.4
Globulin (g/L)	86	28.38	5.79	20.1	24.85	27.4	31.2	66.4
WBC (× 109/L)	86	6.26	2.28	2.53	4.79	5.86	7.53	16.77
Neutrophil %	86	8.3	70.99	0.17	0.58	0.65	0.72	659
Lymphocyte %	86	0.27	0.17	0.06	0.18	0.26	0.31	1.47
Platelet (× 109/L)	86	233.96	91.46	0.31	179	226.5	273.75	482
Fibrinogen (g/L)	86	3.68	0.92	1.93	3.01	3.6	4.28	6.23
ALT (U/L)	86	17.72	11.07	2	11	14.5	22	74
AST (U/L)	86	21.66	8.92	6	17	20	24.75	78

Std Dev: Standard deviation; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; WBC: White blood cell.

Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics by intestinal function recovery outcome, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Delayed group (n = 49)	Normal group (n = 148)	Statistic (χ2/t/z)	P value
Age (years)	59.8 ± 10.5	57.5 ± 11.5	1.251	0.213
Sex male	25 (51.0)	84 (56.8)	0.490	0.484
BMI (kg/m2)	23.5 ± 3.3	23.9 ± 3.0	-0.822	0.412
Preop albumin < 35 g/L	15 (30.6)	15 (10.1)	12.671	0.001
Blood loss > 50 mL	23 (46.9)	27 (18.2)	17.233	< 0.001
T3-4 stage	42 (85.7)	86 (58.1)	12.894	< 0.001
Poor differentiation	16 (32.7)	37 (25.0)	1.133	0.288
Laparoscopic surgery	32 (65.3)	111 (75.0)	1.851	0.174
Pre-op albumin (g/L)	37.1 ± 5.2	41.2 ± 4.8	-5.122	< 0.001
Post-op day 4 CRP (mg/L)	28.5 ± 6.1	20.3 ± 5.4	8.91	< 0.001
Hospital stay (days)	14.2 ± 3.8	10.1 ± 2.9	7.762	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; Pre-op: Preoperative; Post-op: Postoperative; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Table 3 Comparison of baseline characteristics by lymph node metastasis outcome, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	LNM-positive (n = 68)	LNM-negative (n = 129)	Statistic (χ2/t/z)	P value
Age (years)	57.3 ± 11.8	58.5 ± 11.0	0.701	0.483
Sex male	39 (57.4)	70 (54.3)	0.172	0.678
Poor differentiation	31 (45.6)	22 (17.1)	19.87	< 0.001
Lymph nodes < 12	19 (27.9)	13 (10.1)	10.76	0.001
T3-4 stage	61 (89.7)	67 (51.9)	χ2 = 29.41	< 0.001
Tumor size (cm)	5.2 ± 1.5	4.3 ± 1.2	t = 4.52	< 0.001
Platelet (× 109/L)	258.3 ± 98.1	221.4 ± 84.5	t = 2.65	0.009
Fibrinogen (g/L)	3.95 ± 0.89	3.54 ± 0.88	t = 3.05	0.003
Laparoscopic surgery	46 (67.6)	97 (75.2)	χ2 = 1.33	0.249

LNM: Lymph node metastasis.

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression for delayed intestinal function recovery

Dependent variable	Independent risk factor	β	SE	OR (adjusted)	95%CI	P value
Delayed intestinal function	Low albumin (< 35 g/L)	1.35	0.43	3.86	1.66-8.97	0.002
	Blood loss > 50 mL	1.02	0.36	2.77	1.37-5.62	0.005
	T3-4 stage tumor	1.25	0.42	3.49	1.53-7.96	0.003

SE: Standard error; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression for lymph node metastasis

Dependent variable	Independent risk factor	β	SE	OR (adjusted)	95%CI	P value
Lymph node metastasis	Poorly differentiated tumor	1.48	0.52	4.39	1.58-12.19	0.005
	Lymph nodes harvested < 12	1.41	0.49	4.1	1.57-10.72	0.004
	Elevated fibrinogen (≥ 4 g/L)	0.91	0.41	2.48	1.11-5.56	0.027

SE: Standard error; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 Dynamic changes in laboratory indicators by outcome groups, mean ± SD

Time point	Indicator	Delayed group (n = 49)	Normal group (n = 148)	P value	LNM-positive (n = 68)	LNM-negative (n = 129)	P value
Preoperative	Albumin (g/L)	37.1 ± 5.2	41.2 ± 4.8	< 0.001	39.1 ± 5.9	40.8 ± 5.1	0.038
	CRP (mg/L)	10.5 ± 3.8	9.2 ± 3.1	0.012	10.1 ± 3.5	9.3 ± 3.2	0.089
	WBC (× 109/L)	6.8 ± 2.4	6.1 ± 2.1	0.025	6.5 ± 2.3	6.1 ± 2.2	0.187
POD 4	Albumin (g/L)	31.2 ± 3.8	35.8 ± 3.2	< 0.001	33.5 ± 3.9	35.1 ± 3.5	0.004
	CRP (mg/L)	28.5 ± 6.1	20.3 ± 5.4	< 0.001	24.8 ± 6.3	21.5 ± 5.8	< 0.001
	WBC (× 109/L)	11.5 ± 2.3	9.2 ± 1.9	< 0.001	10.3 ± 2.2	9.6 ± 2.0	0.019
	Neutrophil %	81.5 ± 6.8	72.8 ± 6.1	< 0.001	77.2 ± 7.1	74.1 ± 6.5	0.002
POD 7	Albumin (g/L)	33.8 ± 3.5	38.4 ± 3.4	< 0.001	36.1 ± 3.8	37.8 ± 3.6	0.002
	CRP (mg/L)	19.8 ± 5.1	12.1 ± 4.0	< 0.001	16.5 ± 5.3	13.2 ± 4.5	< 0.001
1 month	Albumin (g/L)	37.5 ± 3.9	40.9 ± 3.5	< 0.001	39.0 ± 4.1	40.5 ± 3.8	0.011
	CRP (mg/L)	13.5 ± 3.9	8.5 ± 2.8	< 0.001	11.2 ± 3.8	9.1 ± 3.2	< 0.001

LNM: Lymph node metastasis; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell; POD: Postoperative day.