Transumbilical three-port vs conventional laparoscopic appendectomy: A single-center retrospective comparative study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variables	All patients (n = 77)	Conventional group (n = 26)	Cosmetic group (n = 51)	H	P value
Age	46 (30, 57)	36 (15.25, 53.75)	49 (35.5, 57)	4.69	0.03
Gender				1.857	0.173
Male	45 (58.4)	18 (69.2)	27 (52.9)
Female	32 (41.6)	8 (31.8)	24 (47.1)
BMI (kg/m2)	24.4 (22.4, 25.8)	22.95 (20.25, 25.7)	24.7 (23.2, 25.85)	3.89	0.0487
Preoperative WBC (10-9/L)	11.9 (10.6, 13.5)	12.65 (11.35, 13.8)	11.6 (10.3, 13.15)	3.55	0.059
Preoperative CRP (mg/L)	21.5 (15.1, 39.8)	30.3 (18.65, 44.05)	19.7 (14.05, 32.65)	4.71	0.03
Comorbidities				0.31	0.58
None	47 (61.04)	17 (65.38)	30 (58.82)
COPD	5 (6.49)	2 (7.69)	3 (5.88)
CHD	2 (2.6)	0 (0)	2 (3.92)
DM	12 (15.58)	4 (15.38)	8 (15.69)
Hypertension	26 (33.77)	8 (30.77)	18 (35.29)
Heart failure	1 (1.3)	1 (3.85)	0 (0)
Appendicitis type				0.76	0.382
Acute	42 (54.5)	16 (61.5)	26 (51.0)
Chronic	35 (45.5)	10 (38.5)	25 (49.0)

BMI: Body mass index; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHD: Coronary heart disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 2 Surgical and postoperative outcomes, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variable	All patients (n = 77)	Conventional group (n = 26)	Cosmetic group (n = 51)	H	P value
Operating time (minutes)	40 (30, 60)	45 (30, 67.5)	40 (30, 60)	0.27	0.61
Length of hospital stay (days)	5 (4, 6)	5 (4, 6)	5 (4, 6)	0.58	0.45
Total hospitalization cost (yuan)	9733.44 (8852.22, 11105.50)	8783.34 (7425.83, 9904.43)	10262.44 (9181.34, 11686.25)	8.03	0.0046
Imported surgical scalpel (yuan)	10082.85 (9251.19, 11120.02)	10347.95 (9672.035, 12760.03)	10082.85 (9190.44, 10920.98)	1.63	0.2
Domestically produced surgical scalpel (yuan)	7467.36 (6883.44, 8027.50)	7467.36 (6667.32, 7924.94)	7670.31 (7338.91, 8001.71)	0.1	0.75
Postoperative complications
None	72 (95.5)	22 (84.6)	50 (98.04)
Diarrhea	2 (2.6)	1 (3.85)	1 (1.96)
Surgical wound infection	1 (1.3)	1 (3.85)	0 (0)
Fever	2 (2.6)	2 (7.7)	0 (0)
Patient satisfaction score	9 (8, 9)	8 (7.25, 9)	9 (8, 9)	0.89	0.345
Postoperative VAS at 2 hours	4 (4, 6)	5 (4, 6)	4 (4, 5)	1.66	0.198
Postoperative VAS at 6 hours	3 (3, 5)	4 (3, 5)	3 (3, 4)	1.66	0.198
Postoperative VAS at 12 hours	2 (2, 4)	3 (2, 4)	2 (2, 3)	1.66	0.198
Postoperative VAS at 24 hours	1 (1, 3)	2 (1, 3)	1 (1, 2)	1.66	0.198

VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis

Variable	Univariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value
Gender	1.5 (0.43-5.29)	0.5201
Age	1 (0.96-1.03)	0.8652
Operating time	1.03 (1-1.08)	0.1313	0.99 (0.95-1.05)	0.7943
BMI	1.05 (0.82-1.33)	0.7147
Preoperative WBC (10-9/L)	3.63 (1.85-9.56)	0.0017	11.55 (2.28-80.44)	0.0052
Preoperative CRP (mg/L)	1.16 (1.05-1.35)	0.0181	0.86 (0.73-1.06)	0.0696
Appendicitis type
Chronic	1.2 (0.35-4.42)	0.7744
Comorbidities
None	0.26 (0.04-1.1)	0.1021	1.26 (0.12-11.32)	0.832
Hypertension	6.87 (1.22-129.5)	0.073
DM	0.91 (0.2-6.49)	0.91

OR: Odds ratios; CI: Confidence intervals; BMI: Body mass index; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; DM: Diabetes mellitus.