Effects of modified Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy with acupuncture on postoperative wound healing and pain in mixed hemorrhoids

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups, n (%)

Characteristics	Control group (n = 40)	Combined group (n= 40)	t/χ2	P value
Age (years), mean ± SD	49.25 ± 10.03	48.36 ± 9.32	0.412	0.682
Gender			0.202	0.653
male	23 (57.50)	21 (52.50)
female	17 (42.50)	19 (47.50)
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	22.94 ± 2.10	22.89 ± 2.09	0.103	0.918
Disease duration (years), mean ± SD	2.05 ± 0.36	2.08 ± 0.37	-0.381	0.704
Grading of internal hemorrhoids			0.251	0.617
III degree	28 (70.00)	30 (75.00)
IV degree	12 (30.00)	10 (25.00)

This table compares the baseline characteristics between the two groups. Continuous variables (age, body mass index, disease duration) were analyzed by independent samples t-test, and categorical variables (gender, internal hemorrhoid grading) were analyzed by χ² test. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for any baseline variable (all P > 0.05), indicating good comparability. BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of visual analog scale pain scores between the two groups (scores), mean ± SD

Characteristics	6 hours after surgery	1 day after surgery	3 days after surgery	7 days after surgery
Control group (n = 40)	6.70 ± 1.39	5.81 ± 1.06	3.44 ± 0.61	2.36 ± 0.56
Combined group (n= 40)	6.10 ± 1.10	4.71 ± 0.86	2.19 ± 0.44	1.12 ± 0.32
t	2.138	5.088	10.508	12.105
P	0.036	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

This table presents the visual analog scale pain scores at different postoperative time points. Comparisons between the two groups at each time point were performed using independent samples t-test. The combined group showed significantly lower pain scores at all time points (P < 0.05), with particularly marked differences on days 3 and days 7 (P < 0.001).

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative wound edema scores between the two groups (scores), mean ± SD

Indicators	Time point	Control group (n = 40)	Combined group (n= 40)	t/χ2	P value
Wound edema score	Day 1	2.43 ± 0.46	2.37 ± 0.26	0.668	0.506
	Day 3	1.74 ± 0.19	1.59 ± 0.12	4.130	< 0.001
	Day 7	0.91 ± 0.12	0.47 ± 0.07	19.800	< 0.001
Wound exudate score	Day 1	2.02 ± 0.27	2.11 ± 0.27	-1.462	0.148
	Day 3	1.80 ± 0.14	1.28 ± 0.11	18.685	< 0.001
	Day 7	0.56 ± 0.08	0.38 ± 0.05	12.319	< 0.001
Poor granulation tissue score	Day 1	1.82 ± 0.19	1.76 ± 0.19	1.346	0.182
	Day 3	1.27 ± 0.13	1.04 ± 0.12	8.098	< 0.001
	Day 7	0.74 ± 0.07	0.53 ± 0.06	14.599	< 0.001

This table compares postoperative wound edema scores, exudate scores, and poor granulation tissue scores at different time points between the two groups using independent samples t-test. No significant differences are observed on postoperative day 1 (P > 0.05), while the combined group shows significantly lower scores on postoperative days 3 and days 7 (P < 0.001).

Table 4 Comparison of postoperative recovery-related indicators between the two groups (days), mean ± SD

Characteristics	Time for discharge to disappear	Time for edema to disappear	Complete healing time
Control group (n = 40)	7.55 ± 1.29	6.83 ± 0.45	35.28 ± 1.12
Combined group (n= 40)	5.50 ± 0.70	4.52 ± 0.16	30.06 ± 1.81
t	10.143	30.588	15.489
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

This table compares postoperative recovery-related indicators (time for discharge to disappear, time for edema to disappear, complete healing time) between the two groups using independent samples t-test. All indicators in the combined group are significantly shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.001).

Table 5 Comparison of postoperative complication rates between the two groups, n (%)

Characteristics	Anal stenosis	Anal discharge	Urinary retention	Wound infection	Perianal edema	Overall incidence
Control group (n = 40)	1 (2.50)	2 (5.00)	3 (7.50)	2 (5.00)	3 (7.50)	11 (27.50)
Combined group (n= 40)	0 (0.00)	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	4 (10.00)
t	1.013	0.346	1.053	0.346	1.053	4.021
P value	0.314	0.556	0.305	0.556	0.305	0.045

This table compares postoperative complication rates between the two groups using χ² test. The overall incidence of complications in the combined group is significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), while no significant differences are found in individual complication types (P > 0.05).